Contents
About the Editors
1: Introduction
1.1 Conclusions
References
2: Digital Technology as an Aid to Early Orthodontic Treatment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Digital Workflow in an Orthodontic Clinic
2.3 Clinical Indications and Application for Early Orthodontic Treatment-Aided Digital Technology
2.4 Pitfalls and Overreliance of Digital Technology
References
3: The Treatment of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion in Stages
3.1 The Mandibular Retrognathism Treatment
3.2 The Maxillary Prognathism Treatment
3.3 Conclusion
References
4: Is Early Class II Treatment Worth the Effort?
4.1 Dentoalveolar Class II Malocclusion (Figs. 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3)
4.2 Functional Class II Malocclusion (Figs. 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, and 4.15)
4.2.1 Case # 1 (Figs. 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, and 4.14)
4.3 Skeletal Class II with Fault in the Maxilla (Fig. 4.16)
4.4 Skeletal Class II with Fault in the Mandible (Fig. 4.18)
4.4.1 Case # 2 (Figs. 4.19, 4.20, 4.21, 4.22, 4.23, 4.24, 4.25, 4.26, 4.27, and 4.28)
4.4.2 Case # 3 (Figs. 4.29, 4.30, 4.31, 4.32, 4.33, 4.34, 4.35, 4.36, and 4.37)
4.4.3 Case # 4 (Figs. 4.38, 4.39, 4.40, 4.41, 4.42, 4.43, 4.44, 4.45, 4.46, 4.47, 4.48, 4.49, 4.50, and 4.51)
4.5 Skeletal Class II with Fault in both the Maxilla and the Mandible
4.5.1 Case # 5 (Figs. 4.52, 4.53, 4.54, 4.55, 4.56, 4.57, 4.58, 4.59, and 4.60)
4.5.2 Case # 6 (Figs. 4.61, 4.62, 4.63, 4.64, 4.65, 4.66, 4.67, 4.68, and 4.69)
4.6 Stability
4.6.1 Case # 7 (Figs. 4.70, 4.71, 4.72, 4.73, 4.74, 4.75, and 4.76)
4.7 Conclusion
References
5: Early Treatment of Cover-Bite and Class II Division 2 Malocclusion
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Cover-Bite and Class II Div. 2 Malocclusion
5.2.1 Prevalence
5.2.2 Characteristic Intraoral, Extraoral, and Skeletal Features
5.2.3 Etiology
5.2.4 Pathogenesis
5.3 Pros and Cons of Early Treatment in the Mixed Dentition
5.4 Stability After Orthodontic Treatment
5.5 Early Treatment Phases and Therapeutical Approaches
5.5.1 Overview
5.5.2 Pretreatment in Patients with Severe Distocclusion
5.5.3 First Main Stage of Early Treatment
5.5.4 Second Main Stage of Early Treatment
5.5.5 Consequences of Later Treatment Begin in the Final Mixed Dentition Stage
5.6 Patient-Specific Treatment Concepts for Successful Class II Div. 2 and Cover-Bite Correction: Seven Patient Examples
5.6.1 Patient Example #1
5.6.2 Patient Example #2
5.6.3 Patient Example #3
5.6.4 Patient Example #4
5.6.5 Patient Example #5
5.6.6 Patient Example #6
5.6.7 Patient Example #7
References
6: Early Treatment of Class III Malocclusions
6.1 Functional Class III Malocclusion
6.2 Reasons for Early Treatment
6.3 To Treat Early: When Is the Right Time?
6.4 In Deciduous Dentition
6.5 Early Treatment of Dentoalveolar Class III (Figs. 6.23, 6.24, 6.25, 6.26, 6.27, 6.28, 6.29, 6.30, 6.31, 6.32, 6.33, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.37, 6.38, 6.39, and 6.40)
6.5.1 In Early Mixed Dentition
6.6 Treatment of Skeletal Class III Malocclusions
6.6.1 The Use of Facemask or Facemask Combined with Rapid Palatal Expansion (Figs. 6.41, 6.42, 6.43, 6.44, 6.45, 6.46, 6.47, and 6.48)
6.6.2 The Use of Chincap (Chincup) (Fig. 6.49)
6.6.3 The Use of Functional Appliances
6.6.4 The Use of Class III Activator (Figs. 6.50, 6.51, and 6.52)
6.7 Construction of Class III Activator (Figs. 6.53, 6.54, 6.55, 6.56, 6.57, and 6.58)
6.7.1 Checklist when Registering Construction Bite
6.7.2 Patient’s Instruction at Insertion of Class III Activator (Figs. 6.59 and 6.60)
6.7.3 Patient’s Appointment
6.7.4 Appliance Adjustment
6.8 Objectives
6.8.1 Appliance Activation Is Done by (Fig. 6.61)
6.9 Example of Cases Treated with Class III Activator (Figs. 6.62, 6.63, 6.64, 6.65, 6.66, 6.67, 6.68, 6.69, 6.70, 6.71, 6.72, 6.73, 6.74, 6.75, 6.76, 6.77, 6.78, 6.79, 6.80, 6.81, 6.82, 6.83, 6.84, 6
6.9.1 Case #1 (Figs. 6.62, 6.63, 6.64, 6.65, 6.66, and 6.67)
6.10 Treatment of Class III Malocclusion with Pseudo Forced Bite (Figs. 6.68, 6.69, 6.70, 6.71, 6.72, 6.73, 6.74, 6.75, 6.76, 6.77, 6.78, 6.79, 6.80, 6.81, 6.82, and 6.83)
6.10.1 Case #2
6.11 Class III Activator Can be Used for Treatment of Functional Class III Malocclusion when the Patient Can do an Edge-to-Edge Bite (Figs. 6.84, 6.85, 6.86, 6.87, 6.88, 6.89
6.11.1 Case #3
6.12 What to do if the Mandible cannot be Pushed Backward
6.12.1 Case #4
6.13 Stability of the Skeletal and Dental Changes after Treatment with Class III Activator (Figs. 6.102, 6.103, 6.104, 6.105, 6.106, 6.107, 6.108, 6.109, 6.110, 6.111, 6.112, 6.113, 6.
6.13.1 Cause of Dental Instability
6.13.2 Case #5
6.13.3 Case #6
6.14 Conclusion
References
7: Early Treatment of Open Bite Problems
7.1 Conclusions
Reference
8: Correction of the Transverse Problems
8.1 Conclusions
Suggested Reading
9: Management of Dental Asymmetries
9.1 Conclusions
10: Mandibular Incisor Agenesis
10.1 Conclusions
References
11: Impacted Central Incisors: Different Options for Treatment
11.1 Conclusions
12: How Orthodontic Movement Can Avoid Future Periodontal Problems in Children
12.1 Conclusions
13: Early Orthodontic Treatment in Cleft Lip / Palate Patients
13.1 Example of Treated CLP Cases
13.2 Conclusion
References
14: Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescents
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Type 1 Diabetes: Diagnostics
14.3 Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
14.3.1 Glycemic Diagnostic Values (OGTT)
14.3.2 Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) Levels (American Diabetes Association 2018)
14.3.3 Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes
14.4 Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Diabetes
14.4.1 Treatment Consists of Insulin, Nutrition, Education, Exercise, and Psychosocial Support
14.4.1.1 Insulin
14.4.1.2 Insulin Analog: Basal Insulin and Rapid Acting Insulin
14.4.1.3 Nutrition
14.4.1.4 Education
14.4.1.5 Exercise
14.4.1.6 Psychosocial Support
14.5 Complications
14.5.1 Acute Complications
14.5.1.1 Hypoglycemia
14.5.1.2 Ketoacidosis (DKA)
14.6 Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications
14.6.1 Nephropathy
14.6.2 Treatment
14.6.3 Retinopathy
14.6.4 Neuropathy
14.6.5 Macrovascular Disease (CVD)
14.6.6 Orthodontic Procedures
References
15: Orthodontics in Hemophilia Patients
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Overview: General Facts
15.1.2 Is Orthodontic Treatment a Trauma?
15.1.3 Local Anesthesia
15.1.3.1 Surgical Treatment
15.1.3.2 Emergencies
15.2 Hemophilia Clinical Case
15.3 Conclusions
References
16: How to Avoid Long Term Relapse in Early Orthodontic Treatment
16.1 Conclusion
References
17: Controversies in Cleft Lip / Palate Patients
17.1 Conclusions
References
18: Controversies Concerning Early Treatment
18.1 Conclusions
Suggested References
