There is a need of strengthening the global and local response to cope with the threat of climate change and adverse effects of rising anthropogenic activities in the mountain ecosystem. This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive scientific and technical knowledge based on climate and land cover change impact assessment, adaptation and mitigation strategies in the Indian Himalayan watershed. The text updates the understanding scientific analysis to promote evidence-based policy formulation at regional and local levels. It can be used as reference materials with regards to climate and land cover change for those new learners interested in the mountainous region. This comprehensive book covers a wide range of potential research areas including climate change scenarios, science and its applications, adaptation to climate change-theory and assessment, water resources, agriculture, forest, biodiversity, and ecosystems, indigenous knowledge etc.
Author(s): Seema Rani
Series: Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 223
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Emerging Climate Change Scenario
1.2.1 Air Temperature
1.2.2 Precipitation
1.2.3 Future Climate Scenario
1.3 Land Use/Land Cover Changes
1.4 Impact of Climate and LULC Changes on Hydrology
1.5 GIS Models to Assess the Impact of Climate and LULC Changes on Hydrology
1.6 Statement of the Problem
1.7 Study Area
1.8 Data and Sources
1.8.1 Meteorological Data
1.8.2 Terrain Data
1.8.3 Land Use/Land Cover Data
1.8.4 Soil
1.9 Methods
1.9.1 To Analyze the Climate Variability of the Study Area
1.9.2 To Understand LULC Changes in the Basin
1.9.2.1 Morphometric Analysis
1.9.2.2 LULC Analysis
1.9.2.3 Snow Cover Area mapping
1.9.3 To Analyze the Effect of Future Climate and LULC Changes on Streamflow
1.9.3.1 SWAT Model Setting
1.9.3.2 SWAT Model Setup
1.9.3.3 Elevation Band
1.10 SWAT Model Result Analysis
1.11 Scope of the Book
References
Chapter 2: Description of the Beas River Basin
2.1 Physiography
2.2 Geomorphology
2.3 Drainage
2.3.1 Morphometric Characteristics
2.3.1.1 Total Stream Length (Lu)
2.3.1.2 Mean Stream Length (Lsm)
2.3.1.3 Stream Length Ratio
2.3.1.4 Bifurcation Ratio (Bf)
2.3.1.5 Drainage Density (Dd)
2.3.1.6 Stream Frequency (Fs)
2.3.1.7 Drainage Texture (Dt)
2.3.1.8 Circularity Ratio (Rc)
2.3.1.9 Elongation Ratio (Re)
2.3.1.10 Form Factor (Ff)
2.3.1.11 Constant of Channel Maintenance (CCM)
2.3.1.12 Basin Relief (R, H)
2.3.1.13 Relief Ratio (Rr)
2.3.1.14 Dissection Index (Di)
2.3.1.15 Ruggedness Index (Ri)
2.3.1.16 Slope (θ)
2.4 Climate
2.5 Soil
2.6 Vegetation
2.7 Land Use/Land Cover
2.8 Demography
2.9 Economy
2.9.1 Hydroelectric Projects
2.10 Flood Events
2.11 New Development
2.12 Summary
References
Chapter 3: Climate Variability Assessment
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Trends in Air Temperature
3.2.1 Annual Trends
3.2.2 Seasonal Trends
3.2.3 Monthly Trends
3.3 Trends in ET
3.3.1 Annual Trends
3.3.2 Seasonal Trends
3.3.3 Monthly Trends
3.4 Trends in Cloud Cover
3.4.1 Annual Trends
3.4.2 Seasonal Trends
3.4.3 Monthly Trends
3.5 Trends in Cloud Base Height
3.5.1 Annual Trends
3.5.2 Seasonal Trends
3.5.3 Monthly Trends
3.6 Trends in Precipitable Water Vapor
3.6.1 Annual Trends
3.6.2 Seasonal Trends
3.6.3 Monthly Trends
3.7 Trends in Rainfall
3.7.1 Annual Trends
3.7.2 Seasonal Trends
3.7.3 Monthly Trends
3.8 Trends in Percent Share of Total Rainfall
3.8.1 Seasonal Trends
3.8.2 Monthly Trends
3.9 Relationship of Air Temperature with Other Climate Variables
3.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Land Use/Land Cover: Status and Changes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Accuracy of LULC
4.3 Land Use/Land Cover Status and Changes
4.4 Status of Snow Cover Area
4.5 Summary
References
Chapter 5: Impact of Climate and LULC Changes on Hydrology
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Future Scenarios
5.2.1 Climate Scenarios
5.2.2 Land Cover Scenarios
5.3 SWAT Model Accuracy Assessment
5.3.1 Evaluation of Parameterization
5.3.2 Calibration and Validation
5.4 Basin Hydrology During the Baseline Period (1969–2020)
5.5 Effect of Climate Change on Flow
5.6 Effect of Land Cover Changes on Flow
5.7 Summary
References
Chapter 6: Initiatives on Climate Change Mitigation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Concern on Governance
6.3 Global Climate Change Initiatives
6.4 National Climate Change Initiatives
6.4.1 National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC)
6.4.2 National Solar Mission (NSM) and National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE)
6.4.3 National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (NMSH)
6.4.4 National Water Mission (NWM)
6.4.5 National Mission for Green India (GIM)
6.4.6 National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) and National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC)
6.5 Initiatives for Indian Himalayas
6.5.1 National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE)
6.5.2 Governance for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem (G-SHE)
6.5.3 National Mission on Himalayan Studies (NMHS)
6.5.4 Hill Area Development Programme (HADP)
6.5.5 Indian Himalayas Climate Adaptation Programme (IHCAP)
6.5.6 National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC)
6.5.7 Climate Change Action Program (CCAP)
6.6 India Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)
6.6.1 State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC)
6.6.2 Himachal Pradesh
6.6.3 Punjab
6.7 Summary
References
Chapter 7: Summary and Conclusion
7.1 Climate Variability Assessment
7.1.1 Air Temperature
7.1.2 ET
7.1.3 Cloud Cover
7.1.4 Cloud Base Height
7.1.5 Precipitable Water Vapor
7.1.6 Amount of Rainfall
7.2 Changes in Land Use/Land Cover
7.3 Effect of Climate and Land Cover Changes on Flow
Reference
