Climate Change in Central Asia: Decarbonization, Energy Transition and Climate Policy

Contents
Editors and Contributors
Introduction to Climate Change in Central Asia
1 The Impact of Climate Change on Central Asia: What Is at Stake?
2 Decarbonisation in Central Asia
3 Climate Change in Central Asia: Status of Knowledge
4 Our Mission
5 Overview of Chapters
5.1 Part I: Climate Research on Central Asia: State of the Art
5.2 Part II: Central Asian Decarbonisation Pathways and Carbon Pricing
5.3 Part III: Energy Transition in Central Asia
5.4 Part IV: Local Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Central Asia
5.5 Part V: Climate Change Awareness, Norms and Stakeholders in Central Asia
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Climate Research on Central Asia: State of the Art
Climate Change: A Growing Threat for Central Asia
1 Central Asia’s Climate
2 Current and Projected Impacts of Climate Change
3 Sectoral Impacts and Vulnerabilities
3.1 Crop Production, Livestock and Food Security
3.2 Energy and Water Availability
3.3 Health and Air Pollution
3.4 Transportation and Mobility
4 Conclusion
References
Climate Change Science and Policy in Central Asia: Current Situation and Future Perspectives
1 Highlights
2 Introduction
3 Methodology
4 Current State of Climate Change Science in Central Asia
5 Key Areas for Investment in Climate Change Science in Central Asia
6 Conclusions
References
Central Asian Decarbonisation Pathways and Carbon Pricing
Central Asian Climate Policy Pledges Under the Paris Agreement: Can They Be Fulfilled?
1 Introduction
2 Historical Trends
2.1 Energy: Growing Reliance on Fossil Fuels
2.2 Emissions: Small Global Carbon Footprint but High Energy Intensity
3 Nationally Determined Contributions
3.1 Kazakhstan
3.2 Kyrgyzstan
3.3 Tajikistan
3.4 Uzbekistan
3.5 Summary of NDCs
4 National Development Programmes
4.1 Kazakhstan
4.2 Kyrgyzstan
4.3 Tajikistan
4.4 Uzbekistan
5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Decarbonisation Opportunities and Emerging Carbon Pricing Instruments in Central Asia
1 Introduction
2 Regional Overview
2.1 Emissions Profile and Fossil Fuel Subsidies
2.2 Climate Commitments and RE Potential
2.3 Consideration of CPI Adoption
3 Methods
4 Carbon Pricing Considerations in Individual Central Asian Countries
4.1 Kazakhstan
4.2 Turkmenistan
4.3 Uzbekistan
4.4 Kyrgyzstan
4.5 Tajikistan
5 Discussion
5.1 Decarbonisation Opportunities and CPI: A SWOT Analysis
5.2 Recommendations: Actions to Enhance Regional Cooperation on Decarbonisation
6 Conclusion
References
Energy Transition in Central Asia
Energy Transition in Central Asia: A Systematic Literature Review
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results
3.1 Key Trends in Energy Research in Central Asia (Research Questions 1 and 2)
3.2 Influential Articles, Authors and Research Organisations (Research Question 3)
4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
A ‘Steppe’ into the Void: Central Asia in the Post-oil World
1 Introduction
2 Renewable Energy Policies and Targets
3 A Strengthened Transition Profile: The Role of China
4 Structural Obstacles to the Growth of the RE Sector
5 A Shift in Power Relations
6 Diversifying Hydrocarbon Revenue Sources
6.1 Intra-Regional Cooperation
7 Conclusions
References
Towards a Geoeconomics of Energy Transition in Central Asia’s Hydrocarbon-Producing Countries
1 Introduction
2 Conceptual Framework: Towards a Geoeconomics of Energy Transition
3 Kazakhstan
3.1 Resources
3.2 Energy Infrastructure
3.3 Strategic Industries and Clean Energy Technologies
3.4 Rules of International Economic Interaction
4 Uzbekistan
4.1 Resources
4.2 Energy Infrastructure
4.3 Strategic Industries and Clean Energy Technologies
4.4 Rules of International Economic Interaction
5 Turkmenistan
5.1 Resources
5.2 Energy Infrastructure
5.3 Strategic Industries and Clean Energy Technologies
5.4 Rules of International Economic Interaction
6 Conclusion
References
Local Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Central Asia
The Dual Relationship Between Human Mobility and Climate Change in Central Asia: Tackling the Vulnerability of Mobility Infrastructure and Transport-Related Environmental Issues
1 Introduction: Climate Mobility Studies and Current Debates
2 How Mobilities Impact Climate Change in Central Asia
2.1 Old Vehicles and Pollution
2.2 The Ecological Impacts of Mobility Infrastructure
3 How Climate Change Impacts Mobilities in Central Asia
3.1 The Effects of Environmental Disasters on Mountain Roads and Rural–Urban Mobilities
3.2 The Effects of Extreme Heat on Asphalt and Railways
4 Discussion: When Climate Justice Meets Mobility Justice
5 Going Forward: Policy Recommendations
5.1 Solutions for More Sustainable Mobilities
5.2 Solutions to Reduce Mobility
References
A Gendered Approach to Understanding Climate Change Impacts in Rural Kyrgyzstan
1 Introduction
2 Gender and Climate Change Impacts on the Agricultural and Energy Sectors in Kyrgyzstan
3 Adapting to Uncertainty: Women’s Marginalisation in Rural Issyk-Kul Farming
4 Energy Struggles: Energy and Women’s Care Work in Rural Naryn
5 Seeing Beyond Energy and Livelihoods: Women’s Vulnerabilities in a Changing Climate
References
Climate Change Awareness, Norms and Stakeholders in Central Asia
The Institutionalisation of Environmentalism in Central Asia
1 Introduction
2 The International Level
3 The Regional Level
4 The Domestic Level
5 Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions
References
The Importance of Boosting Societal Resilience in the Fight Against Climate Change in Central Asia
1 Introduction
2 Post-development Thinking
3 Local Self-Governance to Boost Climate Resilience in Central Asia
4 Conclusion
References
The Culture of Recycling, Re-use and Reduction: Eco-Activism and Entrepreneurship in Central Asia
1 Introduction
2 Central Asian States and Waste Management
3 National Policies on Waste Management in Central Asia
4 Eco-Activists and Eco-Entrepreneurs in Central Asia
5 Conclusion
References