City and Regional Planning provides a clearly written and lavishly illustrated overview of the theory and practice of city and regional planning. With material on globalization and the world city system, and with examples from a number of countries, the book has been written to meet the needs of readers worldwide who seek an overview of city and regional planning.
Chapters cover the history of cities and city and regional planning, urban design and placemaking, comprehensive plans, planning politics and plan implementation, planning visions, and environmental, transportation, and housing planning. The book pays special attention to diversity, social justice, and collaborative planning. Topics include current practice in resilience, transit-oriented development, complexity in planning, spatial equity, globalization, and advances in planning methods.
It is aimed at U.S. graduate and undergraduate city and regional planning, geography, urban design, urban studies, civil engineering, and other students and practitioners. It includes extensive material on current practice in planning for climate change. Each chapter includes a case study, a biography of an important planner, lists of concepts and important people, and a list of books, articles, videos, and other suggestions for further learning.
Author(s): Richard T. LeGates
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 523
City: New York
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Figures
Biographies
About the Author
Advance Praise
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 The Art and Science of City and Regional Planning
Introduction
Scientific and Creative Planning Thinking
What Is City and Regional Planning?
Planners’ Roles
The City and Regional Planning Profession
Planning Education
Planning Specializations
City and Regional Planning Research and Analytic Methods
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 2 The Evolution of Cities and City and Regional Planning, 1607–1933
Introduction
What Is a City?
Urbanization
U.S. Urban History
American Indian Settlements
East Coast Colonial Cities
The Parks Movement
From Specks in the Wilderness to Cities in the Wilderness
Spanish Settlements in the American West
Planning Washington, D.C.
Westward Expansion: Frontier and Instant Cities
U.S. Industrial Cities
The Growth and Dispersion of Migrants of Color 1607–1933
Early Land Use, Housing, Environmental, and Natural Resource Planning and Policy
Tenement House Reform
Transportation and Communications Technology and the Emergence of the U.S. City System
The World’s Columbian Exhibition of 1893
Origins of the U.S. Planning Profession
Early U.S. City and Regional Planning Education
Patrick Geddes and Lewis Mumford
The Great Regional Plan Debate: The New York Regional Plan Association (RPA) Versus the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA)
Historic Preservation Planning
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 3 Urban Design and Placemaking
Introduction
Urban Design
Placemaking
Form-Based Codes and Transects
The Image of the City
The Space Between Buildings and Pedestrianized Streets
Street and Sidewalk Design
Designing for Diversity
The New Urbanism
Designing in Harmony With the Natural Environment
Defensible Space and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 4 The Politics of City and Regional Planning
Introduction
The Legal Framework of U.S. Government Planning
Special Districts
Group Identity and Urban Politics
Federal Government Urban Planning and Policy
Ideology and Political Parties
State and Local Politics and Planning
Dillon’s Rule and the Cooley Doctrine
Ballot Box Planning
Conflict Among Levels of Government
The Elitist/Pluralist Debate
Regime Theory
City and County Planning Departments
Planning Mediation and Negotiations
Transparency and Speaking Truth to Power
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 5 Planning Theory
Introduction
Theories of Knowledge
Paradigm Shifts
Unifying Planning Theory and Practice
The Planning as Civic Design Paradigm
The Rational Planning Model
Systems Analysis and Urban Planning
Disjointed Incrementalism
Mixed Scanning
Strategic Planning
Modernism
Normative Planning Theory
Neo-Marxist, Progressive, and Equity Planning
Welfare Economics Theory
Communicative Action Planning
Complexity in Cities (CIC) Theory
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 6 Visions
Introduction
Sir Thomas More’s Utopia
Robert Owen and the Utopian Socialists
Garden Cities
The City Beautiful Movement
Modernism
Broadacre City
The Linear City
The Neighborhood Unit
Environmental Utopias
Vision Planning
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 7 General Plans
Introduction
Comprehensive, Master, and General Plans
The Variety of General Plans
Social Justice and General Plans
Burnham Award Comprehensive Plans
Plano Tomorrow, Plano, Texas
Planokc (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma)
The Kaua’I Kakou Plan, Kauai, Hawaii
General Plan Making
Citizen and Stakeholder Input
Visions
Plan Elements
Goals and Objectives
Policies and Standards
Initiatives and Action Items
Monitoring, Updating, and Changing General Plans
Neighborhood Planning
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 8 Implementing Plans
Introduction
Plan Promotion
The Legal and Regulatory Framework of Planning
Infrastructure and Capital Improvements Planning and Programming
Nuisance Law
Subdivision Regulation
Zoning
Inclusionary and Exclusionary Zoning
Form-Based Codes
Site Planning
Building and Housing Codes
Design Review Boards
Transfer of Development Rights (TDR)
Urban Growth Management
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 9 Community Planning, Citizen Participation, and Social Justice
Introduction
Citizen Participation and Community Planning
Community Planning
Locally Unwanted Land Uses (LULUs) and the Not-In-My-Back-Yard (NIMBY) Syndrome
Community Planning and Social Justice
Discrimination and Social Justice 1607–1933
Recent Scholarship On Minority Communities
Cultural Competency, Inclusion, and White Privilege
Anti-Racism and Legal Protections for Minorities
Women in Planning
Planning in Ethnic Communities
Indigenous Community Planning
Planning With and for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Communities
Diversifying Planning Education and the Planning Profession
Theory for Planning With Diverse Communities
Advocacy Planning
Equity Planning
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 10 Regional and National Planning
Introduction
Regional Planning
U.S. Census Definitions of Regions
Regional Planning Theory
Elisée Reclus’s Universal Geography
Patrick Geddes’s Physical/Social/Cultural Approach
Central Place Theory
Walter Isard and the Birth of Regional Science
Urban Sprawl
Planning Natural Regions and Rural Areas
Water-Related Regional Planning
State-Level Regional Planning
Councils of Governments (COGs) and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)
Regional Transportation Planning
Collaborative Planning By Cities and Counties
U.S. Megacities and Megacity Regions
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 11 Planning for an Urban Planet
Introduction
World Population and Population Projections
The Distribution of the World Population
Globalization, World Cities, and the World City Network
Connectivity, Health, Crime, and Terrorism
Megacities and Megacity Regions
Ideology and Development
International Organizations and Planetary Planning
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 12 The Evolution of Cities and City and Regional Planning, 1933–Present
Introduction
The Evolution of Urban America, 1933–Present
The Evolution of the Planning Profession, 1933–Present
The New Deal, Federalism, and City and Regional Planning
The National Resources Planning Board (NRPB)
Federal Urban Policy After the New Deal
From Master Plans to General Plans
The Legacy Federal Housing Programs
Public Housing
Federal Programs to Subsidize Private and Nonprofit Rental Housing
The Section 515 Rural Housing Program
Housing Vouchers
New Deal Housing Finance Reform
Transportation Planning
Environmental and Climate Change Planning
Urban Renewal, Regeneration, and Community Development
Historic Preservation Planning
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 13 Environmental Planning
Introduction
Land
Air Quality
Water-Related Planning
Habitat, Plants, and Animals
Land Use, Transportation, Air Quality, Infrastructure, and Environmental Planning Linkages
The National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA)
Little NEPAs
Sustainable Urban Development
Design With Nature
LEED Standards
Biophilic Planning and Design
Public Land and Natural Resource Planning and Management
Waste Management, Brownfields, and Toxic Cleanup
Environmental Justice
Coastal Zone Planning and Management
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
CHAPTER 14 Transportation Planning
Introduction
Transportation Plans
Transportation Planning at Different Scales
Mobility and Accessibility
Transportation Planning Data
Other Considerations in Transportation Planning
Transportation Technology Past, Present, and Future
Complete Streets Planning
Congestion Management Planning
Parking
Public Transit Planning
Planning for the Coming Transportation Revolution
Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs)
Smart Vehicle Technology
Automobile Safety
Paradigm-Changing Technologies
Transportation and Climate Change
The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standard
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
CHAPTER 15 Housing Planning and Policy
Introduction
The U.S. Housing Stock
The U.S. Homebuilding Industry
Exceptions to Conventional Homebuilding
Mobile Homes
Factory-Built, Modular, and Kit Homes
Housing Finance
The Subprime Mortgage Crisis
Social, Economic, and Psychological Aspects of Housing
Housing Concepts and Theory
Affordability
Filtering
Horizonal and Vertical Efficiency
The Post-Shelter Society
Land Use Regulation and Housing
Federal, State, and Local U.S. Housing Programs
Federal Tax Subsidies for Homeowners
The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC)
Housing Choice Vouchers
Other Federal Housing Subsidy Programs
State, Local, and Nonprofit Housing Programs
Legacy Federal Housing Subsidy Programs
Public Housing Since 1980
HOPE VI, the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) Program, and the Choice Neighborhoods Program
The One-Strike Eviction Policy
Legacy Federal Private Market Rental Housing Subsidies
Fair Housing and Social Justice
Landlord–Tenant Law
Rent Regulation
The Right to Housing
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 16 Economic Development and Revitalization Planning
Introduction
Economic Concepts for Urban Development and Revitalization
Public Planning and Private Development
The Theory and Practice of Economic Development Planning
Economic Development Planning in the United States
Growth Machines and the Creative Class
Industrial Decline and Planned Shrinkage
Data for Economic Development Planning
Community Economic Development
Revitalization Planning
The Community Development Block Grant Program
Redevelopment and Tax Increment Financing
Enterprise Zones, Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities, and the Renewal City (RC) Program
International Development Planning
San Antonio Texas’s Riverwalk Revitalization Project
Capital Improvements Programs
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Chapter 17 Climate Change and Energy Planning
Introduction
Global Warming
Climate Change Impacts
Carbon and Other Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
Rising Sea Temperatures and Levels
Interaction Effects and Tipping Points
Other Global Warming Impacts
Economic Impacts
Security Impacts
Health Impacts
Food Impacts
Energy Planning
Urban Limit Lines and Compact City Form
Reducing and Mitigating the Impact of Sea-Level Rise
Municipal Energy Portfolio Efficiency Standards
Municipal Carbon Taxes
Tree Planting
Reducing Heat-Absorbing Driveways, and Roads
Cool Roofs and Green Roofs and Walls
Building and Neighborhood Energy Efficiency Standards
Water Conservation
Green Street Design
Conventional Energy Planning
Planning for Clean and Renewable Energy
International Climate Change and Energy Planning
National Climate Change and Energy Planning
State Climate Change Planning
Regional Climate Change Planning
Local Climate and Energy Planning
Corporate Energy Planning
Reducing Household and Individual Energy Footprints
Climate Justice
Summary
Concepts
People
Notes
Suggestions for Further Learning
Bibliography
Acronyms
Figure Credits
Index
