Challenges of Disasters in Asia: Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Hazards: Impact and Assessment
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Frontal Part of the Mishmi Hills, India and Its Role in Disaster Management
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Materials and Methods
4 Analysis
4.1 Selection of Source and Site
4.2 Inclusion of Source Seismicity
4.3 Spectral Ordinates
4.4 Consideration of Existing Attenuation Models
4.5 Selection of Global Parameters
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Probability of Exceedance Versus Intensity: Hazard Curve
5.2 Hazard Maps for Different Return Periods
6 Role of PSHA in Disaster Management
7 Conclusion
References
Assessment of Desertification and Land Degradation Vulnerability in Humid Tropics and Sub-tropical Regions of India Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Study Area
3 Materials and Methods
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Diversified Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Across the Indian States
1 Introduction
2 State-Wise COVID-19 Situations in India
3 Methodology
4 Critical Analysis
4.1 Strength
4.2 Weakness
4.3 Opportunity
4.4 Threats
4.5 Internal and External Environment
References
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Seasonal Drought Pattern Using Vegetation Condition Index in Latur District
1 Introduction
2 Research Methodology
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Data Used
2.3 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
3.2 Analysis of VCI for Pre-monsoon Season
3.3 Analysis of VCI Post-monsoon Season
4 Conclusion
References
Sea Level Rise and Impact on Moushuni Island of Sundarban Delta (West bengal)—A Geospatial-Based Approach
1 Introduction
2 Area and Location
3 Materials and Methods
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
Mapping of Affected Areas by Extreme Weather Events in Kanda Tehsil of Bageshwar District by GIS and RS Technique
1 Introduction
2 Research Methodology
3 Study Area
4 Findings/Results
4.1 Damage Assessment Due to Extreme Weather Events in Kanda Tehsil
4.2 Affected villages of Kanda tehsil
4.3 Villages Affected by Extreme Weather Events During 2005–2015
5 Conclusion
References
Household-Based Approach to Assess the Impact of River Bank Erosion on the Socio-economic Condition of People: A Case Study of Lower Ganga Plain
1 Introduction
2 Research Methodology
2.1 Selection of the Unit and Households
2.2 Before and After the River Bank Erosion
2.3 The Time Series
2.4 Analysis of Indicators
2.5 Adjustment of the Income Value
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Impact on Livelihood
3.2 Impact on Income
3.3 Loss of Agricultural Land
3.4 Changes in the House Type
3.5 Impact on Homestead Size
3.6 Change in the Number of Rooms
3.7 Average Distance of Households from Former Homestead
3.8 Impact on Mental Health
4 Conclusions
References
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping of East Sikkim Employing AHP Method
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Data and Methodology
3.1 Landslide Conditioning Factors
3.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
3.3 Application of the AHP Model
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 Mapping and Assessment of Factors Responsible for Landslide Occurrence
4.2 Landslide Susceptibility Mapping
4.3 Landslide Inventories Validation Over Susceptibility Map
5 Conclusions
References
Socio-Economic and Ecological Vulnerability to Disasters
Socio-Environmental Vulnerability of Agriculture Communities to Climate Change in Western Himalaya: A Household-Level Review
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Search Strategy
3 Results
3.1 Characteristics of Included Studies
3.2 Bibliometric Analysis
3.3 Methodological Approach
3.4 Dynamics of Vulnerability
4 Discussion
4.1 Limitations of Reviewed Studies
4.2 Holistic Approach Toward Multi-stressor Studies
4.3 Exposure Dynamics
4.4 Governance Capacity and Policy Capability
5 Conclusion
References
Application of Mike 11 for One-Dimensional GLOF Modeling of a Rapidly Expanding Dalung Proglacial Lake, Indus River Basin, Western Himalaya
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Data and Methods
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Characteristics of DG and DPL
4.2 Characterizing DPL as Potentially Dangerous
4.3 Mechanism of GLOFs
4.4 Modeling GLOFs Using Mike 11
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Hybrid Tree-Based Wetland Vulnerability Modelling
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Materials
3.2 Methods
4 Results
4.1 Characteristics of the Parameter Layers
4.2 Wetland Vulnerability Assessment (WVA) Modelling
4.3 Assessing the Accuracy of the WVA Models
4.4 Factor-Based Wetland Vulnerability Index (WVI) Analysis Using Filed Data
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Land Use / Land Cover Change Using STAR Method in Kolkata Urban Agglomeration
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Change Detection
4 Results
4.1 Change Matrix Analysis
4.2 LULC Expansion Rate and Change Detection
5 Discussions
6 Conclusions
References
Vulnerability Assessment of COVID Epidemic for Management and Strategic Plan: A Geospatial-Based Solution
1 Introduction
2 General Description of the Study Area
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Data Collection and Database Creation
3.2 Variable Selection
3.3 Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)
3.4 Statistical Analysis
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Adaptation
Auto-generated Gravity Canal Routes for Flood Mitigation and Groundwater Rejuvenation: A Study in Damodar–Barakar River Basin, India
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Data
2.3 Generation of Standard Maps Using GIS Techniques
2.4 Operation of the Site Suitability Model for Canal Outfall
2.5 Operation of the Canal Routing Model (CRM)
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Assessing the Impact of Disasters and Adaptation Strategies in Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India: A Household Level Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Database and Methodology
4 Deliberation of Results
4.1 Effect of Hazards on Livelihood
5 Conclusion and Policy Implication
References
Forest Fires in Tropical Deciduous Forests—A Precursor to Anticipatory Adaptation Framework
1 Introduction
2 Characterizing Forest Fire Factors
2.1 Vegetation Composition
2.2 Topography
2.3 Climatic Condition
2.4 Anthropogenic Intervention
2.5 Changing of Susceptibility in Relation with Factors Contributing
3 Ecological Consequences of Forest Fire
3.1 Impact on Plant Diversity
3.2 Impact on Soil Community
4 Susceptibility Modeling and Mapping
4.1 Fire and Remote Sensing
4.2 Forest Fire and Prediction Modeling
5 Need of Anticipatory Adaptation Strategy
6 Future Scope
References
Understanding the Flood Early Warning System, A Case Study of Transboundary Water Governance in the Gandak River Basin
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Objectives of the Study
2.2 Research Design
2.3 Methods of Data Collection
3 Data Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Historical Perspective of Flood Early Warning System in Gandak River Basin
4.2 Traditional Early Warning System
4.3 Information Sharing
4.4 Means of Dissemination Used for Flood Early Warning System Between India and Nepal
4.5 Challenges in the Formal Early Warning System
4.6 Strategies to Address the Challenges
5 Suggestion
6 Conclusion
References
Adaptation Policy and Community Discourse of Climate Change in the Mountainous Regions of India
1 Introduction
2 Impact of Climate Change in Mountain Areas
3 Research Methodology
4 Study Area
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Rise in Temperatures
5.2 Erratic Rainfall and Water Availability
5.3 Socio-economic Considerations and Adaptability
6 Conclusions
References
Analysis of Public Awareness, Health Risks, and Coping Strategies Against Heat Waves in NCT of Delhi, India
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Research Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Socio-demographic Characteristics of Respondents
4.2 Awareness About Heat Waves
4.3 Variability in Perceived Health Impacts of Heat Waves
4.4 Coping Strategies Adopted by Respondent Characteristics
5 Conclusion
References
Resilience
Community-Based Flood Preparedness: A Case Study of Adayar Watershed, Chennai City, Tamil Nadu, India
1 Introduction
2 Research Methodology and Analysis
2.1 Site and Situation Analysis
2.2 Case Study 1 Srinivasapuram
2.3 The Case Study II: Chitra Nagar
2.4 The Case Study III: Thideer Nagar
2.5 The Case Study IV: Pari Nagar
2.6 The Case Study V: Dr. Kanu Nagar
3 The Case Study VI: Shanthi Nagar
4 Participatory (Mind) Mapping
5 Seasonal Calendar
6 SWOT Analysis
7 General Profile of the Vulnerable Communities
7.1 Demographic Profile
8 Socio-economics and Infrastructures
9 Conclusion
Bibliography
Building Resilience and Management of Vulnerability: Solution for Reduction of Risk of Disasters
1 Introduction
2 Disaster Management
3 Management of Vulnerability and Risk Reduction
4 Building Resilience Society: Towards Disaster Risk Reduction Management
5 Building Disaster Risk Resilient Society from Bottom to Top
6 Conclusion
References
Employability, A Key to Community’s Socio-economic Malady of Pandemic Proportions
1 Introduction
2 Framework of the Study
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Data Base for the Study
3.2 Theory and Calculation
3.3 Data Analysis
4 Findings and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Living with Floods: Community-Based Coping and Resilience Mechanism of Mising from Floods; A Study of Majuli District of Assam
1 Introduction
2 Locale of Research and Epistemology
2.1 Effect of Climate Change on the Island
2.2 Mising Identity in Perishing Island
3 Knowledge Base Practices to Cope from Floods
3.1 Existence
3.2 Deluge and Ideal Enactment/performance
3.3 Flexibility
3.4 Resistance
3.5 Community Adaptability/Adaptableness
3.6 Co-existence
4 Environmental Signs Used as Early Warning System for Flood Prediction of Mising
4.1 Environment Signs
4.2 Traditional Belief System: Observing Animal Behaviour to Predict Floods
4.3 Folklore/Folktale (About Behaviours of Ants)
4.4 Folklore/Folktale (Observing Behaviour of Zia (Dragonfly), Termites and Ants)
4.5 Folklore/Folktale (About Behaviours of Birds like White Breasted Water Hen)
5 Conclusion and Way Forward
References
Assessing Public Perception on Developing Colombo Municipal Council Area as a Green City
1 Introduction
1.1 Literature Review
1.2 Objectives
2 Research Methodology
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Data Collection and Analysis Methods
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Level of Awareness of People About the Green City Concept
3.2 Problems & Challenges Faced by Public Living in Colombo Municipal Council Area
3.3 Public Perception About the Potential & The Possible Ways of Designing Colombo Municipal Council Area as a Green City
3.4 The Contributions That People Can Make on Designing Colombo Municipal Council Area as a Green City
4 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Climate Change and Its Impacts Assessment Through Geospatial Technology-A Theoretical Study from Extreme Weather Perspective for Disasters Resilient India
1 Introduction
2 Climate Change and Disasters
3 Climate Change and Impact at Regional Level
3.1 Mountainous Landscape
3.2 Coastal Landscape
3.3 Plain Landscape
3.4 Desert Landscape
4 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Climate Impact Analysis at the Regional Level
5 Disaster Policies and Practices for Resilient India
6 Conclusion
References
Corporate Sector and Disaster Risk Management: A Critical Analysis with Reference to Corporate Social Responsibility in India
1 Introduction
2 Role of Corporate Sector and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
3 Legal Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility and the Companies Act, 2013
3.1 Recent Changes to CSR Law and Its’ Conduciveness for Disaster Risk Reduction and Building Resilience
4 Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility in Corporate Strategy—A Proposal
5 Contemporary Challenges and Prospects for CSR
6 Way Forward
References
Impact of Training and Awareness Programmes of Community Volunteers in Disaster Risk Reduction and Response—A Study of Srinagar City
1 Introduction
1.1 Resilience and Recovery
1.2 Disaster Risk Reduction
2 Area of Study
3 Aims and Objectives
4 Database and Methodology
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
7 Suggestions
References
Author Index