Cellulose Fibre Reinforced Composites: Interface Engineering, Processing and Performance

Cover
Cellulose Fibre Reinforced Composites
Contributors
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Cellulose fiber-reinforced composites-History of evolution, chemistry, and structure
Introduction
Cellulose fiber-reinforced composites-History of evolution
Chemistry
Glucose monomer
Glucose biopolymerization
Cellulose structure
Chemical and solubility properties of cellulose
Sources of cellulose
Separation of cellulose
Purification of cellulose
Cellulose polymorphism
Chemical modification of cellulose
Preparation of nanocellulose
Structures
Cellulose reinforcement in polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate
Melt flow index of the composite
SEM analysis of composite foams
FTIR spectroscopy
XRD analysis
Mechanical properties
Cellulose reinforcement in natural bamboo-composite
FTIR analysis
SEM analysis
Mechanical properties
Cellulose fibers reinforcement in ethylene-nonbornene copolymer composite
FTIR analysis
Mechanical properties
Optical characterization
Acknowledgment
References
Bamboo cellulose: Structure, properties, and applications
Introduction
Bamboo cellulose extraction process
Bamboo cellulose production by wet spinning
Kraft pulping
Bamboo nanocellulose by mechanochemical process
Bamboo cellulose extraction by acid hydrolysis (99% sulfuric acid)
Hydrothermal extraction
Standard alkali extraction
Ambient condition extraction
Two-stage extraction
Bamboo cellulose using HNO3/KClO3 method
Bamboo-derived cellulose nanofiber (CNF) by ultrasonication
Anatomy of bamboo
Physical structure of bamboo
Chemical structure of bamboo fiber
Properties of bamboo cellulose
Durability
Elasticity
Antimicrobial resistance
Biodegradability
Breathable and cool
Hardness
Impact resistance
Absorption characteristics
Thermal property
Air permeability
Water vapor permeability
Tenacity
UV protectivity
Applications of bamboo cellulose
Composite reinforcement
Textile application
Cellulosic nanofiber preparation
Medical applications
Food and food packaging
Furniture and interior
Sports industry
Construction
Bioenergy production
Paper industry
Conclusion
References
Electrospun cellulose nanofiber composites
Introduction
Electrospinning technique and its applicability
Cellulose, its properties, and applications
Cellulosic composites
Electrospun cellulosic composite nanofibers
Applications of electrospun cellulosic composite nanofibers
Conclusion
References
Chemical modification of cellulose fiber surface
Introduction
Cellulose fibers
Classification of natural fibers
Fiber surface modification
Physical treatments
Chemical treatments
Alkaline treatment
Silane treatment
Acetylation treatment
Benzoylation treatment
Summary
References
Physical modification of cellulose fiber surfaces
Introduction and present scenario
Cellulose fibers: Source, structure and constituents
Physical modification of cellulose fibers
Plasma treatment
Corona treatment
Dielectric barrier treatment
Atmospheric pressure glow discharge
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Ultrasound and ultraviolet treatments
Ozone treatment
Effect of physical modification toward performance and functionality of thermal fiber composites
Conclusions
References
Interface engineering-matrix modification in cellulose fiber composites
Introduction
Effect of chemical treatment on cellulose fiber-reinforced composites
Conclusion
References
Characterization of fiber surface treatment by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy
Introduction
Significance of the FTIR and RS in fiber characterization
FTIR spectroscopy (FTIR)
Raman spectroscopy
Comparing FTIR and Raman spectra
Analysis of fiber surface modification
Conclusions
References
Evaluation of the effect of processing and surface treatment on the interfacial adhesion in cell
Introduction
Effect of surface treatment on the mechanical properties of cellulose fiber-reinforced composites
Conclusion
References
Manufacturing aspects of cellulose fiber-reinforced composites
Introduction
Effect of processing variables on the quality of thermoset-based cellulosic fiber-reinforced composites
Composite manufacturing with thermoplastic matrices
Twin screw extrusion and injection molding
Advanced 3D-printing manufacturing techniques
Conclusions
References
Further reading
Compression and injection molding techniques
Introduction
Compression molding technique
CMT for thermosetting polymer composites
CMT for thermoplastic polymer composites
Injection molding technique
IMT for thermosetting polymer composites
IMT for thermoplastic polymer composites
CMT vs IMT
Mechanical properties
Wood fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites
Sugarcane bagasse fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites
Jute fiber-reinforced poly lactic acid composites
Sisal fiber-reinforced poly lactic acid composites
Kenaf fiber (KF)-reinforced poly lactic acid composites
Agave fiber-reinforced poly lactic acid composites
Conclusions
References
Thermomechanical characterization of cellulose fiber composites
Introduction
Classification of cellulosic fibers
Chemical composition of cellulose fibers
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignin
Based on properties of fiber
Microfibril angle
Crystallinity
Fiber density
Properties
Morphology
Mechanical properties
Chemical property
Thermal property
Tribological behavior
Modification of fiber
Physical modification
Steam explosion method
Heat treatment
Chemical modifications
Alkali treatment
Silane coupling agent
Applications of cellulose fiber composites
Merits and demerits of cellulose fibers over synthetic fibers
Merits
Demerits
Conclusion
References
Evaluation of moisture uptake behavior in cellulose fiber
Introduction
Moisture uptake by cellulose fibers in cellulose-based composites
Moisture uptake mechanism and its effects
Influence of moisture uptake on cellulose fiber properties
Restoration processes for moisture uptake behavior of cellulose fibers
Conclusion
References
Effect of zinc oxide filler on compressive and impact properties of jute fiber fabric-reinforced epoxy composites
Introduction
Materials
Preparation of composites
Compressive properties
Impact properties
Results and discussion
Compressive properties
Impact properties
Conclusions
References
Predication of impact strength reduction and service life of 45-degree laminate jute fiber fabric in epoxy c
Introduction
Materials
Jute fiber mat
Preparation of composites
Artificial aging of composites
Impact properties
Results and discussion
Weight variation
Impact properties
Diffusion coefficient and activation energy
Arrhenius plots for service life prediction of the JEC
Conclusion
References
Extraction and characterization of cellulosic fibers from the stem of papaya tree (Carica papaya L.)
Introduction
A worldwide clamor for vegetable fiber
Natural and vegetable fibers
Experimental
Extraction of papaya stem fiber and fiber extraction yield
Characterization of papaya stem fiber
Results and discussions
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Cellulose-based composite materials for dye wastewater treatment
Introduction
Application of dyes and its impact
Cellulose
Cellulose-based composites for dye removal
Cellulose-ZnO-based composite for dye removal
Cellulose-activated carbon-based composite
Cellulose-graphene oxide-based composite
Cellulose-chitosan-based composite
Conclusion
References
Cellulose fiber-reinforced polymer composites as packaging materials
Introduction
Packaging
Categories of packaging
Packaging polymer properties
Barrier properties
Oxygen transmission rate (OTR)
Water vapor transmission (WVTR)
Mechanical properties
Thermal properties
Packaging materials
Bio-based packaging materials
Bioplastic packaging applications
Classification of bio-based food packaging materials
Cellulosic fiber
Cellulosic fiber composition
Cellulosic fiber properties
Cellulosic fiber production
Cellulosic fiber treatment
Physical treatment
Chemical treatment
Cellulosic fiber-based polymeric composites
Cellulosic fiber-based biocomposites in packaging
Cellulosic fiber-based biopolymeric composites properties
Structural properties
Mechanical properties
Aging properties
Advantages and disadvantages of cellulosic fibers in packaging
Cellulosic fiber-based biodegradable polymer composite film in packaging
Conclusion
References
Bionanocomposites reinforced with cellulose fibers and agro-industrial wastes
Introduction
Mechanical properties
Natural rubber-based composites
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix-based composites
Epoxy resin matrix-based composites
High-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based composites
Poly butylene succinate (PBS)-based composites
Starch-based composites
Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based composites
Polyacrylamide (PAM)-based composites
Polystyrene (PS)-based composites
Poly(lactic acid)-based composites
Thermal properties
Natural rubber-based composites
Epoxy-based composites
Polyvinyl alcohol-based composites
Poly ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA)-based composites
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-based composites
Polypropylene-based composites
Polyurethane-based composites
Xylan-based composites
Poly(ethylene glycol)-based composites
Starch-based composites
Fabrication processes
Using tea waste
Preparation of tea waste
Fabrication of silica nanoparticles
Synthesis of bionanocomposite
Using waste jackfruit peels
Preparation of plant material
Pectin isolation from jackfruit peel
Partial isolation of pectin from the cell wall material
Synthesis of bionanocomposites
Using waste turmeric spent
Isolation of dietary fiber (DF) from turmeric residue
Turmeric nanofiber preparation
Synthesis of bionanocomposites
Using spent hens
Microwave-assisted lipid extraction
Synthesis of monomer and polymer
In situ dispersion of nanoclay and synthesis of nanocomposite
Synthesis of bionanocomposite
Using waste sunflower stalk
Extraction of cellulose nanocrystals
Extraction of cellulose nanofibrils
Synthesis of bionanocomposites
Physical properties and tribology of different bionanocomposite reinforced by agro-industrial wastes
Sugar palm fiber
Sisal
Coir
Ramie fiber
Hemp
Flax
Kenaf (bast)
Sugarcane bagasse
Wheat straw fiber
Soy hull fiber
Banana fiber
Coconut sheath
Acknowledgment
References
Effects of machining on the acoustic and mechanical properties of jute and luffa biocomposites
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Jute and luffa fibers: Physical, acoustical, and mechanical properties
Introduction
Background information
Materials and methods
Physical, acoustical, and mechanical properties
Internal structures of jute and luffa fiber samples
Diameter and length
Density
Youngs modulus
Sound absorption coefficient
Transmission loss
Discussion and concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Prediction of the sound absorption performance of porous samples including cellulose fiber-based structures
Introduction
Calculation of sound absorption coefficients
Mathematical models for the prediction of acoustic properties
Simple empirical models: Delany-Bazley model and its modified versions
Rigid-frame models
Johnson-Champoux-Allard model
Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Lafarge model
Deformable-frame model: Biot-Allard model
Estimation of the parameters needed in the mathematical models
Parameters for the air outside the sample
Parameters for the porous sample
Analyses and results
First test case
Second test case
Third test case
Discussion
Summary of the parameters used in the mathematical models
Regression constants used in the empirical models
Evaluation of viscous, thermal, and inertial effects
Evaluation of the elastic and damping properties of the frame of porous sample
Estimation of the frame resonance frequency
Conclusion
References
Index