Cardiovascular Physiology

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The best cardiovascular review available for the USMLE®, exam review, and course work Cardiovascular Physiology, Ninth Edition is a concise and enjoyable way for you to gain a fundamental knowledge of the basic operating principles of the intact cardiovascular system and how those principles apply to clinical medicine. Succinct but thorough, it focuses on the facts and concepts you must know to get a solid “big picture” overview of how the cardiovascular system operates in normal and abnormal situations. No other text will prove more valuable in enhancing your ability to evaluate the myriad new information you will be exposed to throughout your career, than Cardiovascular Physiology. There is no faster or more effective way to learn how the key principles of cardiovascular function apply to common and pathological challenges than this engagingly written, time-proven guide. Medical students will find it to be an outstanding review for the USMLE® Step 1 and experienced clinicians will find it be a valuable clinical refresher. Features• NEW! Increased focus on cardiovascular energetics• “Perspectives” section in each chapter that identify important, currently unresolved issues • Clarifies the details of physiologic mechanisms and their role in pathologic states• Links cardiovascular physiology to diagnosis and treatment• Summarizes key concepts at the end of each chapter• Highlights must-know information with chapter objectives• Reinforces learning with study questions at the end of each chapter

Author(s): David Mohrman, Lois Heller
Series: CARDIOLOGY
Edition: 9th
Publisher: McGraw-Hill / LANGE
Year: 2018

Language: English
Pages: 398
Tags: Cardiovascular Physiology

Preface ix

Chapter 1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System 1

Objectives 1

Evolution and Homeostatic Role of the Cardiovascular System 2

Overall Design of the Cardiovascular System 4

The Basic Physics of Blood Flow 6

Material Transport by Blood Flow 8

The Heart 9

The Vasculature 15

Blood 18

Perspectives 19

Chapter 2 Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Cells 23

Objectives 23

Electrical Activity of Cardiac Muscle Cells 24

Mechanical Activity of the Heart 39

Relating Cardiac Muscle Cell Mechanics to Ventricular Function 49

Perspectives 50

Chapter 3 The Heart Pump 53

Objectives 53

Cardiac Cycle 54

Determinants of Cardiac Output 61

Influences on Stroke Volume 61

Summary of Determinants of Cardiac Output 66

Summary of Sympathetic Neural Influences on Cardiac Function 68

Cardiac Energetics 69

Perspectives 73

Chapter 4 Measurements of Cardiac Function 76

Objectives 76

Measurement of Mechanical Function 76

Measurement of Cardiac Excitation-The Electrocardiogram 80

Perspectives 90

Chapter 5 Cardiac Abnormalities 93

Objectives 93

Electrical Abnormalities and Arrhythmias 93

Cardiac Valve Abnormalities 98

Perspectives 101

Chapter 6 The Peripheral Vascular System 104

Objectives 104

Transcapillary Transport 106

Resistance and Flow in Networks of Vessels 111

Normal Conditions in the Peripheral Vasculature 114

Measurement of Arterial Pressure 120

Determinants of Arterial Pressure 121

Perspectives 124

Chapter 7 Vascular Control 128

Objectives 128

Vascular Smooth Muscle 129

Control of Arteriolar Tone 134

Control of Venous Tone 144

Summary of Primary Vascular Control Mechanisms 145

Vascular Control in Specific Organs 146

Perspectives 156

Chapter 8 Hemodynamic Interactions 160

Objectives 160

Key System Components 161

Central Venous Pressure: An Indicator of Circulatory Status 163

Perspectives 173

Chapter 9 Regulation of Arterial Pressure 175

Objectives 175

Short-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure 176

Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure 187

Perspectives 192

Chapter 10 Cardiovascular Responses to Physiological Stresses 197

Objectives 197

Primary Disturbances and Compensatory Responses 199

Effect of Respiratory Activity 199

Effect of Gravity 202

Effect of Exercise 208

Normal Cardiovascular Adaptations 213

Perspectives 217

Chapter 11 Cardiovascular Function in Pathological Situations 221

Objectives 221

Circulatory Shock 222

Cardiac Disturbances 228

Hypertension 238

Perspectives 242

Answers to Study Questions 246

Appendix A 265

Appendix B 266

Appendix C 267

Appendix D 268

Appendix E 270

Index 275