Building Cybersecurity Applications with Blockchain and Smart Contracts

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I Introduction to Blockchain Security
Introduction to Cybersecurity Applications in Blockchain Technology
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries and Security Challenges
2.1 Basic Concepts
2.2 Blockchain Technology
2.3 Consensus Algorithms
2.4 Types of Blockchain
3 How Blockchain Enhances Cybersecurity?
3.1 Blockchain Cybersecurity Situation
3.2 Ways Blockchain Enhances Cybersecurity
4 Cybersecurity Applications of Blockchain
4.1 Attack Methodology
4.2 Typical Blockchain Attack
4.3 An Example of an Attack
4.4 Blockchain Attack Classifications
4.5 Key Cybersecurity Applications
5 Case Studies: Real-World Implementations
5.1 Online Book Sale Dapp
5.2 Other Applications
6 Discussions
6.1 Challenges and Limitations of Blockchain
6.2 Future Perspectives of Blockchain
7 Conclusion
References
Part II Blockchain for Enhanced E-Government Services
Blockchain-Integrated Secure Framework for Enhanced E-Government Services
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Blockchain
2.2 Smart Contract
3 Related Work
4 Proposed E-Government Framework for Optimized Cybersecurity
4.1 Blockchain 3.0: Delving into the Consortium Blockchain Paradigm
4.1.1 Network Hierarchies: The Equilibrium of Full Nodes and Light Clients
4.2 Dynamic Cybersecurity Framework: Marrying Traditional Strategies with Machine Intelligence
4.3 Layer 2 Solutions: The Quest for Boundless Scalability
4.4 Off-Chain Storage: IPFS as the Torchbearer
4.5 Privacy-Preserving User Interactions: The Brilliance of Zero-Knowledge Proofs
4.6 Ensuring Consensus: BFT Mechanism at the Core
4.7 Multi-Faceted Authentication: Embracing Biometric Modalities
5 User Registration and Authentication Process
5.1 Algorithmic Approach to User Registration
5.2 Transaction Initialization and Record Submission
5.3 Third-Party Access Mechanism
6 Identity Management and Authentication
6.1 Blockchain-Based Identity Management
6.1.1 Blockchain-Based Identity Management Frameworks
6.2 Blockchain-Based E-Government Authentication
7 Blockchain Integrated E-Government Services
8 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Part III Securing IoT with Blockchain
A Blockchain-Enabled Serverless Security Mechanism for IoT-Based Drones
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Serverless Computing
2.2 Blockchain
2.3 Drones
3 Drone Security with Blockchain in Serverless Computing
3.1 Serverless Computing Approach
3.2 Blockchain Technology Based on Hyperledger Fabric
4 Security Challenges in Serverless Computing
4.1 Masquerade Challenges
4.2 Malicious Code Deployment and Execution Challenges
4.3 Privacy Protection Challenges
5 Serverless Computing Security with Hyperledger Fabric (SCSHF)
5.1 Registration in Serverless Computing Security with Hyperledger Fabric (RSCSHF)
5.2 Authentication in Serverless Computing Security with Hyperledger Fabric (ASCSHF)
6 Conclusion
References
Utilizing Blockchain for Safeguarding IoT-Based Robotic Networks from Spoofing Attacks
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Preliminaries
3.1 Attack Model
4 Methodology
5 Experimental Results
6 Discussions: Challenges and Mitigations
7 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Part IV Enhancing Scalability with Sharding in Distributed Replication Systems
Sharding Distributed Replication Systems to Improve Scalability and Throughput
1 Introduction
2 Sharding at a Glance
2.1 Sharding Challenges
2.1.1 Distributing Nodes Between Shards
2.1.2 How to Process Transactions in Sharded Replication Systems
2.1.3 Challenges with Shared-Ledger
2.1.4 Challenges with Cross-Shard Transactions
3 Overview of Sharded Distributed Replication Protocols
3.1 Sharded Ethereum: A Homogeneous Multi-Chain Protocol
3.1.1 Beacon Chain
3.1.2 PoS and Block Generation:
3.1.3 Roles and Terminology in Ethereum 2.0
3.1.4 Consensus in Ethereum 2.0
3.2 Polkadot: A Heterogeneous Multi-Chain Protocol
3.3 Other Sharded Blockchains
4 Conclusion
References
Part V Data Protection in Distributed Ledger and Blockchain Technologies
Data Protection Challenges in Distributed Ledger and Blockchain Technologies: A Combined Legal and Technical Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Technological Background
2.1.1 Types of Ledgers
2.1.2 Inner Workings of a Ledger
2.1.3 Cryptographic Background of DLTs
2.1.4 Distributed Systems Background of DLTs
2.1.5 Automation and Smart Contracts
2.2 Data Protection Under the GDPR
2.2.1 The GDPR's Scope of Application
2.2.2 Principles of Data Processing in the GDPR
2.2.3 Role of the Data Controller
2.2.4 Data Subject Rights
2.2.5 Transfer of Personal Data to Other Jurisdictions
3 Data Protection Challenges of DLTs
3.1 Challenges Resulting from the Immutability of DLTs
3.2 Challenges Resulting from the Decentralization of DLTs
3.3 Challenges Resulting from the Automation in DLTs
3.4 Practical Examples
3.4.1 Public Keys
3.4.2 Wallets and Addresses
3.4.3 Self-Sovereign Identity
4 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Solutions to Data Protection Challenges in Distributed Ledger and Blockchain Technologies: A Combined Legal and Technical Approach
1 Introduction
2 Summary of Challenges
2.1 Challenges Resulting from the Immutability of DLTs
2.2 Challenges Resulting from the Decentralization of DLTs
2.3 Challenges Resulting from the Automation in DLTs
3 Possible Solutions to the Challenges
3.1 Immutability
3.1.1 Keeping Personal Data Off the Chain
3.1.2 Using Private DLTs
3.1.3 Using Mutable Blockchain-Like Data Structures
3.1.4 Using Legal Scope of Interpretation
3.2 Decentralization
3.2.1 Determining the controller
3.2.2 Transfer of Data Outside the EU
3.2.3 Consent Management in a Decentralized Environment
3.3 Automation
3.4 Applying the Proposed Solutions to the Examples
3.4.1 Public Keys
3.4.2 Wallet Solutions
3.4.3 Self-Sovereign Identity
4 Projects
4.1 DIZME
4.2 KRAKEN
4.3 European Blockchain Service Infrastructure: EBSI
4.4 PriCLeSS
4.5 SOTERIA
5 Related Work
5.1 Technical Literature
5.2 Legal Literature
6 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Index