This book discusses the role of optical networks in 3G, 4G, 5G and beyond. The authors discuss the evolution of the technologies, the research involved, and the applications with respect to optical communication systems. In addition, the book provides in-depth knowledge of broadband connectivity for future generation networks. More focus is given towards the front-, mid- and back- hauling of 5G and beyond. The authors present architecture for broadband connectivity and explain its potential in 5G and beyond applications. This book includes several architectures based on Hybrid Fiber-Wireless; Next Generation Passive Optical Networks Stage 1 and 2; millimeter wave over fiber; sub-THz wave over fiber; millimeter/sub-THz wave over multicore fiber; 6G fronthaul; 6G backhaul; GMPLS networks, and massive MIMO sub-Thz antenna. The contributors provide supplementary material such as simulations, analysis and experiments.
Author(s): Simranjit Singh, Gurpreet Kaur, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, R.S. Kaler
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 200
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Contributors
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Coexistence of Next-Generation Passive Optical Network Stage 2 and 5G Fronthaul Network
1.1 Evolution from 4G to 5G
1.2 Access Network Technologies
1.2.1 Copper-Based Access Networks
1.2.2 Cable Modem-Based Access Networks
1.2.3 Wireless Networks
1.2.4 Optical Fiber Access Networks
1.2.5 Active Optical Networks (AON)
1.2.6 Passive Optical Networks
1.3 Advantages of PON
1.4 PON Components
1.4.1 Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
1.4.2 Optical Network Unit (ONU)
1.4.3 Optical Splitter
1.4.4 Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG)
1.5 PON Standards
1.5.1 APON/BPON
1.5.2 EPON
1.5.3 GPON
1.6 NGPON2 Technology Options
1.6.1 TDM-PON
1.6.2 WDM-PON
1.6.3 TWDM-PON
1.7 Literature Review
1.8 Design and Performance Investigation of a PON-Based System for 5G Fronthaul
1.8.1 System Architecture for Integration of PON and 5G Fronthaul
Central Office Architecture
Optical Distribution Network (ODN)
Optical Network Unit (ONU)
Simulation Setup of 5G Tower
Block Diagram of Signal from 5G Tower to Exchange Office
1.8.2 Results and Discussions
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Design of Wideband MIMO Patch Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave-Based 5G Wireless Communications
2.1 Introductions
2.2 Mathematical Modeling of Patch Antenna
2.3 Optimization of Millimeter-Wave Antenna
2.4 Design of MIMO Patch Antenna
2.5 Results and Discussions
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Fronthauling for 5G and Beyond
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 High-Capacity (Tbps) Optical Transmission
3.1.2 PON Standards
EPON
GPON
XGPON (NGPON1)
NGPON2
Concept of 50G-PON
3.1.3 Millimeter Wave over Fiber
3.1.4 Radio over Fiber
3.1.5 Long-Reach PON
3.1.6 Advanced Modulation and Multiplexing Techniques
Direct Modulation
External Modulation
Up and Down Conversion
Heterodyne Modulation
Multiplexing Techniques
System Setup
Results and Discussion
3.1.7 Multicore Fiber
3.1.8 Bidirectional Optical Communication for 5G and Beyond
3.1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: M-Ary Signaling for FSO Under Different Atmospheric Conditions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Background
4.3 Need of FSO
4.4 System Description
4.5 Result and Discussion
4.5.1 Q-Factor and BER Analysis over Varied Ranges
4.5.2 Q-Factor and BER Analysis over Varying Beamwidth
4.5.3 Q-Factor and BER Analysis over Varying Power
4.5.4 16-Channel 256 QAM-OFDM System
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Multiple Input-Multiple Output Antenna for Next-Generation Wireless Communication
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Development and Analysis of 5G MIMO Antenna for 28/38GHz
5.3 1G-5G Technology
5.4 Scope of Recent Research
5.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Next-Generation Optical Wireless System for 5G and Beyond
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Theoretical and Numerical Analysis
6.2.1 Block Diagram
6.2.2 Optical DP-16-QAM Transmitter
6.2.3 Optical DP-16-QAM Receiver
6.2.4 Advanced Digital Signal Processing Algorithms
6.3 Transceiver Design and Simulation Parameters
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Performance Evaluation of 80-Gbps TWDM-Based NG-PON2 for Various Network Topologies
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Simulation Architecture of 80-Gbps NG-PON2 with Bus Topology
7.2.1 RN Design Using AWG for 80-Gbps TWDM-Based NG-PON2 Downstream with Bus Topology
7.2.2 Results and Discussion
7.3 Simulation Architecture of 80-Gbps NG-PON2 Using Star Topology
7.3.1 Results and Discussion
7.4 Simulation Architecture of 80-Gbps NG-PON2 Using Tree Topology
7.4.1 Results and Discussion
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Performance Evaluation of Path Computation Algorithms in Generalized Multiprotocol Label-Switched Optical Networks
8.1 Introduction and Motivation
8.2 GMPLS Optical Network
8.3 Performance Metrics
8.3.1 Blocking Probability
8.3.2 Cost
8.3.3 Makespan
8.3.4 Energy Consumption
8.4 Various Path Computation Algorithms Implemented on Proposed GMPLS Optical Network
8.4.1 Round-Robin Algorithm
8.4.2 Max-Min Algorithm
8.4.3 Weighted Round-Robin Algorithm
8.5 Comparison of Different Algorithms
8.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Radio over Fiber (RoF) for Future Generation Networks
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Parameters for the Performance Measurement
9.2.1 Attenuation
9.2.2 Scattering
9.2.3 Dispersion
9.2.4 Bit Error Rate
9.2.5 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR)
9.3 Wireless Signal Transport Strategies for Fiber Wireless Links
9.3.1 RF over Fiber
9.3.2 IF over Fiber
9.3.3 Baseband over Fiber
9.4 Optical Distributing and Generating
9.4.1 Direct Modulation Technique
9.4.2 External Modulation Technique
9.5 Multiplexing Schemes in RoF for Wireless
9.5.1 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
9.5.2 Subcarrier Multiplexing (SCM)
9.5.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
9.6 Advantages of ROF System
9.7 Applications of ROF System
9.8 Major Issues
9.9 Research Demonstration on Radio over Fiber
9.10 Need and Benefit of 5G with Radio over Fiber
References
Index
