Bridge Engineering Handbook: Volume III

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Foreword
Preface
Editors
List of Contributors
Table of Contents
Section V: Construction and Maintenance
45 Steel Bridge Construction
45.1 Introduction
45.2 Construction Engineering in Relation to Design Engineering
45.3 Construction Engineering Can be Critical
45.4 Premises and Objectives of Construction Engineering
45.5 Fabrication and Erection Information Shown on Design Plans
45.6 Erection Feasibility
45.7 Illustrations of Challenges in Construction Engineering
45.8 Obstacles to Effective Construction Engineering
45.9 Examples of Inadequate Construction Engineering Allowances and Effort
45.10 Considerations Governing Construction Engineering Practices
45.11 Camber Considerations
45.12 Two General Approaches to Fabrication and Erection of Bridge Steelwork
45.13 Example of Arch Bridge Construction
45.14 Which Construction Procedure is to be Preferred?
45.15 Example of Suspension Bridge Cable Construction
45.16 Example of Cable-Stayed Bridge Construction
45.17 Field Checking at Critical Erection Stages
45.18 Determination of Erection Strength Adequacy
45.19 Philosophy of the Erection Rating Factor
45.20 Minimum Erection Rating Factors
45.21 Deficiencies of Typical Construction Procedure Drawings and Instructions
45.22 Shop and Field Liaison by Construction Engineers
45.23 Comprehensive Bridge Erection-Engineering Specifications
45.24 Standard Conditions for Contracting
45.25 Design-and-Construct
45.26 Construction Engineering Procedures and Practices — the Future
45.27 Concluding Comments
45.28 Further Illustrations
46 Concrete Bridge Construction
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Effective Construction Engineering
46.3 Construction Project Management
46.4 Major Construction Considerations
46.5 Structural Materials
46.6 Construction Operations
46.7 Falsework
47 Substructures of Major Overwater Bridges
47.1 Introduction
47.2 Large Diameter Tubular Piles
47.3 Cofferdams for Bridge Piers
47.4 Open Caissons
47.5 Pneumatic Caissons
47.6 Box Caissons
47.7 Present and Future Trends
48 Bridge Construction Inspection
48.1 Introduction
48.2 Inspection Objectives and Responsibilities
48.3 Material Inspection
48.4 Operation Inspection
48.5 Component Inspection
48.6 Temporary Structures
48.7 Safety
48.8 Record Keeping and As-Built Plans
48.9 Summary
49 Maintenance Inspection and Rating
49.1 Introduction
49.2 Maintenance Documentation
49.3 Fundamentals of Bridge Inspection
49.4 Inspection Guidelines
49.5 Fundamentals of Bridge Rating
49.6 Superstructure Rating Examples
49.7 Posting of Bridges
50 Strengthening and Rehabilitation
50.1 Introduction
50.2 Lightweight Decks
50.3 Composite Action
50.4 Improving the Strength of Various Bridge Members
50.5 Post-Tensioning Various Bridge Components
50.6 Developing Additional Bridge Continuity
50.7 Recent Developments
50.8 Summary
Section VI: Special Topics
51 Applications of Composites in Highway Bridges
51.1 Introduction
51.2 Material Properties
51.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Composites in Bridge Applications
51.4 Pultruded Composite Shapes and Composite Cables
51.5 FRP Reinforcing Bars for Concrete
51.6 Composite Bridge Decks
51.7 Wearing Surface for a Composite Deck
51.8 Composite Bridge Structural Systems
51.9 Column Wrapping Using Composites
51.10 Strengthening of Bridge Girders Using CFRP Laminates
51.11 Composite Highway Light Poles
51.12 Nondestructive Evaluation of Composite Bridge Systems
51.13 Summary
52 Effective Length of Compression Members
52.1 Introduction
52.2 Isolated Columns
52.3 Framed Columns — Alignment Chart Method
52.4 Modifications to Alignment Charts
52.5 Framed Columns — Alternative Methods
52.6 Crossing Frame System
52.7 Latticed and Built-Up Members
52.8 Tapered Columns
52.9 Summary
53 Fatigue and Fracture
53.1 Introduction
53.2 Redundancy, Ductility, and Structural Collapse
53.3 Fatigue Resistance
53.4 Fracture Resistance
53.5 Summary
54 Statistics of Steel Weight of Highway Bridges
54.1 Introduction
54.2 Design Criteria
54.3 Data Base of Steel Weights
54.4 Statistics of Steel Weights
54.5 Regression Equations
54.6 Comparisons
54.7 Assessment of Bridge Design
54.8 Summary
55 Weigh-in-Motion Measurement of Trucks on Bridges
55.1 Introduction
55.2 Weigh-in-Motion Truck Weight Measurement
55.3 Fatigue Load Measurement
55.4 Dynamic Load Measurement
55.5 Summary
56 Impact Effect of Moving Vehicles
56.1 Introduction
56.2 Consideration of Impact Effect in Highway Bridge Design
56.3 Consideration of Impact Effect in Railway Bridge Design
56.4 Free Vibration Analysis
56.5 Forced Vibration Analysis Under Moving Load
57 Wind Effects on Long-Span Bridges
57.1 Introduction
57.2 Winds and Long-Span Bridges
57.3 Experimental Investigation
57.4 Analytical Solutions
57.5 Practical Applications
58 Cable Force Adjustment and Construction Control
58.1 Introduction
58.2 Determination of Designed Cable Forces
58.3 Adjustment of the Cable Forces
58.4 Simulation of Construction Process
58.5 Construction Control
58.6 An Engineering Example
59 Active Control in Bridge Engineering
59.1 Introduction
59.2 Typical Control Configurations and Systems
59.3 General Control Strategies and Typical Control Algorithms
59.4 Case Studies
59.5 Remarks and Conclusions
60 Vessel Collision Design of Bridges
60.1 Introduction
60.2 Initial Planning
60.3 Waterway Characteristics
60.4 Vessel Traffic Characteristics
60.5 Collision Risk Analysis
60.6 Vessel Impact Loads
60.7 Bridge Analysis and Design
60.8 Bridge Protection Measures
60.9 Conclusions
61 Bridge Hydraulics
61.1 Introduction
61.2 Bridge Hydrology and Hydraulics
61.3 Bridge Scour
62 Sound Walls and Railings
62.1 Sound Walls
62.2 Bridge Railings
Section VII: Worldwide Practice
63 Bridge Design Practice in China
63.1 Introduction
63.2 Beam Bridges
63.3 Arch Bridges
63.4 T-Type and Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges
63.5 Steel Bridges
63.6 Cable-Stayed Bridges
63.7 Suspension Bridges
64 Design Practice in Europe
64.1 Introduction
64.2 Design
64.3 Short- and Medium-Span Bridges
64.4 Long-Span Bridges
64.5 Large Projects
64.6 Future European Bridges
65 Design Practice in Japan
65.1 Design
65.2 Stone Bridges
65.3 Timber Bridges
65.4 Steel Bridges
65.5 Concrete Bridges
65.6 Hybrid Bridges
65.7 Long-Span Bridges (Honshu–Shikoku Bridge Project)
65.8 New Bridge Technology Relating to Special Bridge Projects
65.9 Summary
66 Design Practice in Russia
66.1 Introduction
66.2 Historical Evolution
66.3 Modern Development
66.4 Design Theory and Methods
66.5 Inspection and Test Techniques
66.6 Steel and Composite Bridges
66.7 Concrete Bridges
66.8 Cable-Stayed Bridges
66.9 Prospects
67 The Evolution of Bridges in the United States
67.1 Introduction
67.2 Early U.S. Bridges
67.3 The Canal Era
67.4 The Railroad Era
67.5 The Motor Car Era
67.6 The Interstate Era
67.7 Era of the Signature Bridge
67.8 Epilogue
Index