Biotribology of Natural and Artificial Joints: Reducing Wear Through Material Selection and Geometric Design with Actual Lubrication Mode

Front Cover
Biotribology of Natural and Artificial Joints
Biotribology of Natural and Artificial JointsReducing Wear Through Material Selection and Geometric Design with Actual Lubr ...
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Reference
1 - Importance of biotribology
1.1 Introduction to biotribology
1.2 Friction
1.2.1 Friction under dry and unlubricated conditions
1.2.2 Static friction and kinetic friction
1.2.3 Friction under lubricated conditions
1.2.4 Rolling friction
1.2.5 Low friction and high friction in biosystems
1.3 Roles of lubrication
1.3.1 Lubrication modes
1.3.2 Fluid film lubrication
1.3.2.1 The wedge action
1.3.2.2 The squeeze action
1.3.3 Elastohydrodynamic lubrication
1.3.4 Boundary lubrication
1.3.5 Mixed lubrication
1.3.6 Solid lubrication
1.4 Wear
1.4.1 Wear mechanisms
1.4.1.1 Adhesive wear
1.4.1.2 Abrasive wear
1.4.1.3 Fatigue wear
1.4.1.4 Erosive wear (erosion)
1.4.1.5 Corrosive wear (corrosion)
1.4.2 Importance of wear
References
2 - Biomechanics of human and artificial joints
2.1 Importance of biomechanics in human and artificial joints
2.2 Anatomy and kinematics of human joints
2.2.1 Anatomy of human joints
2.2.2 Motion of natural joints
2.3 Loads in human joints
2.3.1 Static analyses
2.3.2 Dynamic analyses
2.4 Importance of kinematics in human joints
2.5 Importance of alignment in human joints
2.6 Biomechanics in artificial joints
2.6.1 Artificial hip joints
2.6.2 Artificial knee joints
2.6.3 In vivo measurement of kinematics of total knee prostheses by single-plane fluoroscopy
2.6.4 Reproduction of physiological and active knee motion in the novel knee simulator
References
3 - Biotribology of natural joints
3.1 Importance of tribology in natural joints
3.2 Articular cartilage
3.2.1 Structures and properties of articular cartilage
3.2.2 Biphasic properties of articular cartilage
3.2.3 Chondrocytes
3.3 Synovial fluid
3.4 Lubrication mechanism in natural joints
3.4.1 Diversity of lubrication modes and low friction properties
3.4.2 Fluid film lubrication
3.4.3 Biphasic lubrication
3.4.3.1 Features of biphasic lubrication
3.4.3.2 Biphasic finite element analysis for articular cartilage during reciprocating motions
3.4.4 Hydration lubrication
3.4.5 Boundary lubrication
3.4.5.1 Influence of synovia constituents on friction in boundary lubrication
3.4.5.2 Influence of rehydration and roles of adsorbed films on friction for articular cartilage in boundary lubrication
3.4.6 Gel film lubrication
3.4.7 Super-lubricity based on adaptive multimode lubrication
3.5 Wear and degradation mechanism in natural joints
References
4 - Biotribology of artificial joints
4.1 Importance of tribology in artificial joints
4.1.1 Development of various artificial joints
4.1.2 Roles of tribology in artificial joints
4.2 Lubrication modes in artificial joints
4.2.1 Hip joint replacements as hard-on-hard and hard-on-UHMWPE
4.2.1.1 Experimental evaluation of lubrication modes in hip joint replacements as hard-on-hard and hard-on-UHMWPE
4.2.1.1.1 Evaluation of lubrication modes on the basis of friction characteristics
4.2.1.1.2 Evaluation of lubrication modes on the basis of lubricating film measurement
4.2.1.2 Lubrication analyses for evaluation of lubrication modes in hip joint replacements as hard-on-hard and hard-on-UHMWPE
4.2.1.2.1 Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis for equivalent ball-on-plane models
4.2.1.2.2 Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis for ball-in-socket models
4.2.1.2.3 Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis for 3D physiological loading and motion conditions
4.2.2 Knee joint replacements as hard-on-UHMWPE
4.2.2.1 Experimental evaluation of lubrication modes in knee joint replacements as hard-on-UHMWPE
4.2.2.2 Numerical analyses for evaluation of lubrication modes in knee joint replacements
4.3 Boundary lubrication in artificial joints
4.4 Wear in artificial joints
4.4.1 Wear mechanisms
4.4.1.1 Fundamental wear mechanisms
4.4.1.1.1 Adhesive wear
4.4.1.1.2 Abrasive wear
4.4.1.1.3 Fatigue wear/delamination
4.4.1.1.4 Corrosive wear
4.4.1.1.5 Influence of surface roughness on wear mechanisms
4.4.1.2 Wear of UHMWPE
4.4.1.2.1 Multidirectional motion
4.4.1.2.2 Oxidation in UHMWPE
4.4.1.2.3 Influence of lubricants
4.4.2 Wear phenomena
4.4.2.1 Wear phenomena in artificial hip joints
4.4.2.2 Wear phenomena in artificial knee joints
4.4.2.2.1 Elastoplastic contact analysis of UHMWPE tibial components
4.4.2.2.2 Influence of microscopic asperities on the wear of UHMWPE in knee prosthesis
4.4.3 Wear debris
4.4.4 Evaluation of wear properties
4.4.4.1 Simplified wear tests
4.4.4.2 Simulator tests for wear evaluation
4.4.4.3 Computer simulation for wear evaluation
4.5 Improvement of tribological properties in artificial joints
4.5.1 Improvement of wear resistance in UHMWPE
4.5.1.1 Cross-linking for UHMWPE
4.5.1.2 Addition of vitamin E
4.5.2 Improvement for wear reduction and prevention of osteolysis by phospholipid polymer grafted cross-linked polyethylene
References
5 - Biotribology of artificial joints with artificial cartilage
5.1 Effectiveness of compliant artificial cartilage
5.2 Effectiveness of hydrogel artificial cartilage
5.3 Role of biphasic lubrication in hydrogel artificial cartilage
5.3.1 Measurement of interstitial fluid pressure
5.3.1.1 Pressure measurement
5.3.1.2 Biphasic fluid load support and estimation of friction
5.3.2 Role of biphasic properties in PVA hydrogels different in manufacturing methods and structures
5.3.2.1 PVA hydrogel specimens and method of reciprocating tests
5.3.2.2 Experimental results of reciprocating test
5.3.2.3 Evaluation of frictional behaviors based on biphasic analysis
5.3.3 Is fiber-reinforcement effective?
5.4 Roles of boundary lubrication
5.5 Influence of hydrogel wear debris
5.6 Bionic design with biomimetic artificial cartilage
References
6 - Biotribology of regenerated cartilage
6.1 Medical treatments to repair focal chondral defects
6.1.1 Osteochondral autograft transplant (mosaicplasty)
6.1.2 Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI)
6.1.3 Implantation of regenerated cartilage tissues derived from chondrocytes or chondrocytes differentiated from related stem cells
6.2 The influence of mechanical stimulation on regenerated cartilage tissue
6.2.1 Effects of dynamic compression loading
6.2.2 Effects of shearing
6.3 The influence of tribological stimulation on regenerated cartilage tissue
6.3.1 Effects of sliding motion
6.3.2 Frictional behaviors of regenerated cartilage different in cultivation conditions
References
7 - Summarization and future directions of biotribology of human and artificial joints
7.1 Biotribology of human and artificial joints
7.2 Summarization of biotribology of human and artificial joints
7.2.1 Importance of biotribology
7.2.2 Biomechanics of human and artificial joints
7.2.3 Biotribology of natural joints
7.2.4 Biotribology of artificial joints
7.2.5 Biotribology of artificial joints with artificial cartilage
7.2.6 Biotribology of regenerated cartilage
7.3 Future directions of biotribology of human and artificial joints
7.3.1 Biomechanics
7.3.2 Human joints
7.3.3 Artificial joints
7.3.4 Artificial joints with artificial cartilage
7.3.5 Regenerated cartilage
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Back Cover