Biosurfactants and Sustainability: From Biorefineries Production to Versatile Applications

Biosurfactants and Sustainability
Contents
List of Contributors
Foreword
Introduction
Biosurfactants: Concept, Biological Functions, Classification, General Properties and Applications
1 Microorganisms Producing Biosurfactants in the Current Scenario
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Microbial Biosurfactants
1.2.1 Structure and Classification of Biosurfactants
1.2.2 Biosurfactants Producing Yeasts
1.2.3 Biosurfactants Produced by Extremophile Microorganisms
1.3 Industrial Applications of Biosurfactants
References
2 Selection of Biosurfactant-Producing Microorganisms
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Traditional Methods of Detection
2.2.1 Direct Measure of Surface/interfacial Activity
2.2.2 Indirect Measure of Surface/interfacial Activity
2.2.3 Effects of Culture Media Based on Agro-industrial By-products on Properties of BS
2.3 High-throughput Analysis Method for the Screening of Potential Biosurfactants Producers
2.4 Screening of Microorganisms Biosurfactants and Lipases Producers
2.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
3 Metabolic Engineering as a Tool for Biosurfactant Production by Microorganisms
3.1 Metabolic Engineering and Biosurfactants
3.2 Regulation and Heterologous Production of Biosurfactants
3.3 Extension of Substrate Range for Biosurfactant Production
3.4 Improvement of Overall Cellular Physiology
3.5 Elimination or Reduction of By-product
3.6 Future Perspectives
3.7 Conclusions
References
4 Biosurfactant Production in the Context of Biorefineries
4.1 Biorefineries in Contemporary Society
4.2 Biomass and Biorefineries: Industrial By-products as Raw Materials for Biorefineries
4.3 Biosurfactant Production in the Context of Lignocellulosic Biorefineries
4.4 Biosurfactant Production in the Context of Oleaginous Biorefineries
4.5 Biosurfactant Production in the Context of Starchy and Biodiesel Biorefineries
4.6 Conclusion
References
5 Biosurfactant Production by Solid-state Fermentation in Biorefineries
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Advantages of Biosurfactant Production by Solid-State Fermentation
5.3 Suitable Biomasses for Biosurfactant Production in Biorefineries
5.4 Microorganisms Used in Biosurfactant Production by Solid-state Fermentation
5.5 Raw Materials Used in Solid-state Fermentation for Biosurfactant Production
5.6 Pretreatment of Raw Materials for the Production of Biosurfactants in Solid-state Fermentation
5.7 Physicochemical Factors of Solid-state Fermentation
5.8 Strategies for Scaling-up of Solid-state Fermentation for Biosurfactant Production
5.9 Conclusion
References
6 An Overview of Developments and Challenges in the Production of Biosurfactant by Fermentation Processes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Current Market and Potential Applications of Biosurfactants
6.3 Biosurfactant as a Sustainable Alternative: Factors Influencing its Production
6.3.1 Factors Involved in the Biosurfactant Production
6.4 Strategies and Main Challenges for Biosurfactant Production
6.4.1 Process Configurations as Strategies for Biosurfactant Production
6.4.2 Bioreactors Used in the Biosurfactants Production: Types, Advantages, and Disadvantages
6.4.3 Biosurfactant Separation Processes
6.5 Future Perspectives and Conclusion
References
7 Enzymatic Production of Biosurfactants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 What are the Biosurfactants Produced Enzymatically? Esterification Reactions of Sugars and Fatty Acids Catalyzed by Enzymes
7.2.1 Esterification Reactions of Sugars and Fatty Acids Catalyzed by Enzymes
7.3 Enzymes and Methods for Biosurfactant Production: Bioreactors and Ways of Conducting Enzymatic Processes
7.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Enzymatic Biosurfactant Production
7.5 Potential Use of Enzymes for the Production of Biosurfactants
7.6 Production of Biosurfactants by the Enzymatic Route in Biorefineries: Demand for More Modern Production Processes
7.7 Conclusion
References
8 Co-production of Biosurfactants and Other Bioproducts in Biorefineries
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Microbial Surfactant Production
8.3 Co-production of Biosurfactants in a Biorefinery
8.3.1 Co-production of Biosurfactants and Polyhydroxyalkanoates
8.3.2 Co-production of Biosurfactants and Enzymes
8.3.3 Co-production of Biosurfactants and Lipids
8.3.4 Co-production of Biosurfactants and Ethanol
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Biosurfactants in Nanotechnology: Recent Advances and Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Biosurfactants and their Types
9.2.1 Glycolipid Biosurfactants
9.2.2 Rhamnolipids
9.2.3 Trehalolipids
9.2.4 Sophorolipids
9.2.5 Mannosylerythritol Lipids
9.2.6 Lipopeptide Biosurfactants
9.2.7 Phospholipid Biosurfactants
9.2.8 Polymeric Biosurfactants
9.3 Properties of Biosurfactants
9.3.1 Surface and Interface Activity
9.3.2 Efficiency
9.3.3 Foaming Capacity
9.3.4 Emulsification/Emulsion Forming and Emulsion Breaking
9.3.5 Tolerance for Temperature and pH Tolerance
9.3.6 Low Toxicity
9.3.7 Biodegradability
9.4 Conventional Methods for Biosurfactant Production
9.5 Commercial Applications of Biosurfactants
9.5.1 Application of Biosurfactants in Agriculture
9.5.2 Application of Biosurfactants in Nanotechnology
9.5.3 Applications of Biosurfactants in Commercial Laundry Detergents
9.5.4 Application of Biosurfactants in Medicine
9.5.5 Application of Biosurfactants in the Food Processing Industry
9.5.6 Application of Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry
9.5.7 Application of Biosurfactants in Petroleum
9.5.8 Application of Biosurfactant in Microbial-enhanced Oil Recovery
9.6 Biosurfactants in Nanotechnology (Biosurfactant Mediated Synthesis of Nanoparticles)
9.6.1 Glycolipids Biosurfactants Produced Nanoparticles
9.6.2 Lipopeptides Biosurfactants Produced Nanoparticles
9.7 Conclusions
References
10 Interaction of Glycolipid Biosurfactants with Model Membranes and Proteins
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Interaction of Glycolipid Biosurfactants with Model Membranes
10.2.1 Rhamnolipids
10.2.2 Trehalose Lipids
10.2.3 Other Glycolipids
10.3 Interaction of Glycolipid Biosurfactants with Proteins
10.3.1 Rhamnolipids
10.3.2 Trehalose Lipids
10.3.3 Mannosylerythritol Lipids
10.4 Conclusions
References
11 Biosurfactants: Properties and Current Therapeutic Applications
11.1 Production of Microbial Biosurfactants
11.2 Anti-tumoral Activity of Biosurfactants
11.3 Anti-inflammatory Activity of Biosurfactants
11.4 Anti-microbial Activity of Biosurfactant
11.4.1 Biosurfactants as Anti-bacterial Agents
11.4.2 Biosurfactants as Anti-viral Agents
11.4.3 Biosurfactants as Anti-fungal Agents
11.5 Other Therapeutic Applications of Biosurfactants
11.6 Concluding Remarks
References
12 Fungal Biosurfactants: Applications in Agriculture and Environmental Bioremediation Processes
12.1 Biosurfactants as Agrochemicals
12.1.1 Biosurfactants as Herbicide Adjuvants
12.1.2 Biosurfactants and Antifungal Activity
12.1.3 Biosurfactants as Insecticidal Adjuvants
12.2 Insecticidal Biosurfactants for Use against Disease Vector Insects
12.3 Fungal Biosurfactants in Bioremediation Processes
References
13 New Formulations Based on Biosurfactants and Their Potential Applications
13.1 Introduction
13.2 General Chemical and Biochemical Aspects
13.3 Downstream Processing
13.4 Biosurfactants in Cosmetics and Personal Care
13.5 Biosurfactants in Medicine and Pharmaceutics
13.6 Biosurfactants in Food and Feed
13.7 Biosurfactants in Pesticides, Insecticides, and Herbicide Formulations
13.8 Biosurfactants in Civil Engineering
13.9 Miscellaneous
13.9.1 Detergent Formulations
13.9.2 Bioremediation Purposes
13.9.3 Nanoparticle Synthesis
13.9.4 Polymer Synthesis
13.10 Overview of the Biosurfactant Market
13.11 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
14 Techno-economic-environmental Analysis of the Production of Biosurfactants in the Context of Biorefineries
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Background
14.1.2 Surfactant Versus Biosurfactant
14.1.3 Biosurfactant Market, Producers, and Patents
14.1.4 Biosurfactant Production Routes
14.2 Economic Aspects of the BS Production
14.3 Environmental Aspects
14.4 Biosurfactant Production Synergies in the Brazilian Biorefineries Context
14.5 Conclusion
References
Index
EULA