Bioelectricity (or bioelectromagnetism) relates to the study of biological electrical currents, and bioimpedance deals with the measurement of electrical conductivity. They are intimately linked to biomedical engineering, with major significance for development of novel medical devices, as well as the study of biological rhythms. This completely updated new edition remains the most comprehensive reference tool for this intricate, interdisciplinary field.The authors, both internationally recognized experts in the field, have thoroughly revised the entire text. It remains the only such work that discusses in detail dielectric and electrochemical aspects, as well as electrical engineering concepts of network theory. The highly effective, easy to follow organization has been retained, with new discussion of state-of-the-art advances in finite element analysis, endogenic sources, control theory, tissue electrical properties, and invasive measurements. There are two all new chapters on bioelectricity, along with an introduction to Geselowitz theory, the Maxwell basis of bioimpedance, and multivariate analysis as an alternative. * Increased emphasis on bioelectricity and potential clinical applications* Two all new chapters dealing with electrical properties of passive and excitable tissue* Expanded discussion of finite element modelling and a broad range of applications* Provides a complete ?all in one? reference source for a multidisciplinary, complex field* Includes many additional figures and all improved, newly drawn illustrations throughout
Author(s): Orjan G. Martinsen, Sverre Grimnes
Edition: 2
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2008
Language: English
Pages: 484
Tags: Биологические дисциплины;Биофизика;
FRONT COVER......Page 1
BIOIMPEDANCE AND BIOELECTRICITY BASICS, SECOND EDITION......Page 4
COPYRIGHT PAGE......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 10
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 14
2.1 Ionic and Electronic DC Conduction......Page 20
2.2 The Basic Electrolytic Experiment......Page 25
2.3 Bulk Electrolytic DC Conductance......Page 28
2.4 Interphase Phenomena......Page 39
2.5 Electrodics and AC Phenomena......Page 54
Problems......Page 68
CHAPTER 3 DIELECTRICS......Page 70
3.1 Polarization in a Uniform Dielectric......Page 71
3.2 The Basic Capacitor Experiment......Page 77
3.3 Complex Permittivity and Immittivity......Page 78
3.4 AC Polarization and Relaxation in a Uniform Dielectric......Page 83
3.5 Interfacial Polarization......Page 92
3.6 The Basic Membrane Experiment......Page 98
3.7 The Basic Suspension Experiment......Page 100
3.8 Dispersion and Dielectric Spectroscopy......Page 102
Problems......Page 104
4.1 Basic Biomaterials......Page 106
4.2 Tissue and Organs......Page 115
4.3 Special Electrical Properties......Page 137
Problems......Page 150
CHAPTER 5 EXCITABLE TISSUE AND BIOELECTRIC SIGNALS......Page 152
5.1 Cell Polarization......Page 153
5.2 Action Potential......Page 156
5.3 The Neuron......Page 160
5.4 Axon Transmission......Page 164
5.5 Receptors......Page 170
Problems......Page 172
CHAPTER 6 GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS......Page 174
6.1 Volume Conductors......Page 175
6.2 Two-electrode Systems......Page 176
6.3 Sphere Sources, Ideal 3D Models......Page 178
6.4 Line Sources, Ideal 2D Models......Page 190
6.5 Signal Transfer in Tissue Volumes......Page 193
6.6 Three- and Four-electrode Impedance Systems......Page 204
6.7 Finite Element Method (FEM)......Page 209
6.8 Tomography (EIT)......Page 211
6.9 Duality of Dielectrics and Conductors......Page 216
Problems......Page 217
CHAPTER 7 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT......Page 218
7.1 General Network Theory, the Black Box......Page 219
7.2 Signals and Measurement......Page 226
7.3 Bridges, Impedance Analyzers, Lock-in Amplifiers......Page 249
7.4 Electrodes: Design and Properties......Page 266
Problems......Page 294
CHAPTER 8 DATA AND MODELS......Page 296
8.1 Models, Descriptive and Explanatory......Page 297
8.2 Equations and Equivalent Circuits......Page 299
8.3 Data Calculation and Presentation......Page 334
8.4 Data Analysis......Page 335
Problems......Page 344
CHAPTER 9 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS......Page 346
9.1 Electrocardiography......Page 348
9.2 Impedance Plethysmography......Page 360
9.3 Impedance Cardiography......Page 366
9.5 EEG, ENG/ERG/EOG......Page 368
9.6 Electrogastrography......Page 369
9.8 Electrical Impedance Myography......Page 370
9.9 Electrotherapy......Page 371
9.10 Body Composition Analysis......Page 376
9.11 Implanted Active Thoracic Devices......Page 380
9.12 Defibrillation and Electroshock......Page 385
9.13 Electrosurgery......Page 387
9.14 Cell Suspensions......Page 391
9.15 Skin Instrumentation......Page 401
9.16 Non-medical Applications......Page 410
9.17 Electrical Safety......Page 411
CHAPTER 10 HISTORY OF BIOIMPEDANCE AND BIOELECTRICITY......Page 424
11.1 Vectors and Scalars, Complex Numbers......Page 432
11.2 Equivalent Circuit Equations......Page 437
11.3 Global Symbols......Page 443
11.4 Physical Dimensions......Page 445
Recommended Books and Review Articles......Page 448
B......Page 474
C......Page 475
D......Page 476
E......Page 477
G......Page 478
I......Page 479
M......Page 480
P......Page 481
S......Page 482
V......Page 483
Z......Page 484
