Bioelectromagnetism has been gradually developing and expanding into a variety of fields in engineering, biomedical engineering, life science, medicine and biology. Bioelectromagnetism: History, Foundations and Applications provides an overview of the field and its developments; from its inception and growth through the twenty-first century, to the latest advances in electro- and magnetobiology and hazard evaluations of electromagnetic fields.
It is organized into three sections, each focusing on specific regions of bioelectromagnetism. It begins with the foundations of the field and its history, with a chronological treatment of the major subjects in bioelectromagnetism. The relationship between atmospheric electromagnetic phenomena, geomagnetism and biological systems are presented. It then discusses the many benefits of bioelectromagnetism: electroreception, magnetic navigation, magnetic sense and magnetic responses of plants, birds, animals and humans. It then moves on to human health issues and the impact of bioelectromagnetism. It also provides practical guidance on how to set safety guidelines. Finally, it looks forward to the future prospects of the field based on the latest research in the field.
In exploring both the history of the field and the latest developments in today’s research advances, this book provides a comprehensive and self-contained treatment on the subject, which will be a valuable reference for researchers in biophysics, medicine, electrical engineering and biomedical engineering.
It can be used as a companion to the editor’s previously published books: Biomagnetics: Principles and Applications of Biomagnetic Stimulation and Imaging (9781482239201, 2016, CRC Press); and Bioimaging: Imaging by Light and Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology (9780367203047, 2020, CRC Press).
Key Features
Provides both a historical view of the field, along with the latest developments in the field
Contains practical guidance for researchers on how to set safety guidelines for those working in the area
Edited by authorities in the field, with chapter contributions from specialists
Author(s): Shoogo Ueno, Tsukasa Shigemitsu
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 345
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editors
Contributors
1 Introduction Shoogo Ueno and Tsukasa Shigemitsu
1.1 The Fusion of Physics and Biology
1.2 The Connection between Electromagnetism and Bioelectromagnetism
1.2.1 Electromagnetism
1.2.2 Bioelectromagnetism
1.3 Harmonization of Electromagnetic Fields with Biological Systems
1.3.1 The Coupling of Atmospheric Electricity with Biological Systems
1.3.2 Safety Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields
1.4 Applications of Electromagnetism in Medicine and Biology
1.5 Discussion
1.6 Summary and Perspective
References
2 The History of Bioelectromagnetism Tsukasa Shigemitsu, Shoogo Ueno, and Masamichi Kato
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Discovery and First Step in Bioelectromagnetism
2.3 Development of Bioelectromagnetism
2.3.1 Development of Electricity
2.3.2 Development of Bioelectricity
2.3.2.1 Early Stage
2.3.2.2 The Developing Stage
2.3.3 Pioneers of Electricity in Japan
2.4 Development of Electric and Electromagnetic Stimulations
2.4.1 Effect of Electricity on Plant Growth
2.4.2 Electric and Electromagnetic Stimulations
2.4.2.1 Electric Stimulation
2.4.2.2 Electromagnetic Stimulation
2.5 Progress of Bioelectromagnetism in the Twentieth Century
2.5.1 Bioelectricity
2.5.1.1 Bioelectric Source
2.5.1.2 Electric Properties of Biological Systems
2.5.1.3 Electric Field-Force Effect
2.5.2 Biomagnetism
2.5.2.1 Magnetic-Related Phenomena
2.5.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2.5.2.3 Bioelectric-Generated Magnetism
2.5.2.4 Non-Invasive Electric and Magnetic Stimulations
2.5.3 Others
2.5.4 New Instrumental Era
2.6 Research on Biological and Health Effects of Electromagnetic Fields
2.6.1 Static Fields
2.6.2 Extremely Low Frequency Fields
2.6.3 Radiofrequency Fields
2.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
3 The Coupling of Atmospheric Electromagnetic Fields with Biological Systems Tsukasa Shigemitsu and Shoogo Ueno
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Atmospheric and Cosmic Environments
3.3 Natural Background Fields
3.3.1 Lightning
3.3.2 Electromagnetic Fields and Resonance
3.4 Natural Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems
3.4.1 Electromagnetic Fields and Humans
3.4.2 Circadian Rhythm in Human and Vertebrates
3.5 Atmospheric Electricity and Biological Systems
3.5.1 Static Electric Field in Humans and Others
3.5.2 Static Electric Field in Vertebrates and Invertebrates
3.6 Detection of Electromagnetic Fields
3.6.1 Electroreception
3.6.2 Magnetoreception
3.7 Discussion
References
4 Spin Control Related to Chemical Compass of Migratory Birds Hideyuki Okano, Tsukasa Shigemitsu, and Shoogo Ueno
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Historical Background Study of the Radical Pair Mechanism Models
4.2.1 Magnetic Field Effects on Chemical Reactions via Radical Pair Recombination
4.2.2 Magnetic Field Effects on Biological Systems via Radical Pair Recombination
4.3 Magnetic Sense via Radical Pair Mechanism
4.4 Radical Pair-Based Magnetoreceptor and Cryptochrome
4.4.1 Chemical Characteristics of Cryptochrome
4.4.2 Magnetic Sense and Cryptochrome
4.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
5 Magnetoreception in Plants Massimo Emilio Maffei
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mechanism of Magnetoreception in Plants
5.2.1 The Radical-Pair Mechanism
5.3 Light-Dependent Magnetoreception
5.4 Light-Independent Magnetoreception
5.5 Magnetic Fields with a Higher Intensity with Respect to Geomagnetic Field
5.6 Conclusions
References
6 Geomagnetic Field Effects on Living Systems Hideyuki Okano and Shoogo Ueno
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Magnetic Sense
6.2.1 Primitive Magnetic Sense
6.2.2 Magnetic Sense of Animals
6.2.3 Magnetic Sense of Plants
6.2.4 Magnetic Sense of Humans
6.3 Change of the Geomagnetic Field
6.3.1 Pole Shift
6.3.2 Chibanian
6.3.3 Superchron
6.3.4 Decrease of Geomagnetic Field
6.3.5 The Extinction of Neanderthals
6.3.6 Mass Extinctions of Life on Earth
6.3.7 The Cambrian Explosion of Life on Earth
6.4 Health Effects of the Geomagnetic Field (GMF)
6.4.1 Magnetic Field Deficiency Syndrome
6.4.2 Magnetic Storm and Its Related Diseases
6.4.3 Schumann Resonance
6.4.4 The Effects of the Solar Cycles and the Geomagnetic Field on Infectious Diseases and Human Health
6.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
7 Safety Guidelines on Human Exposures to Electromagnetic Fields Kenichi Yamazaki and Tsukasa Shigemitsu
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Electromagnetic Fields
7.2.1 Static Fields
7.2.2 Low-Frequency Fields
7.2.3 Radiofrequency Fields
7.3 Guidelines Setting Bodies
7.3.1 ICNIRP
7.3.2 IEEE/ICES
7.4 Two-Tier Target Population of Exposure
7.4.1 Occupational Exposure
7.4.2 General Public Exposure
7.5 Basic Restrictions and Reference Levels
7.6 Guidelines for Static Magnetic Fields
7.7 Guidelines for Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
7.7.1 ICNIRP Guidelines
7.7.2 IEEE Safety Standard
7.8 Guidelines for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields
7.8.1 ICNIRP Guidelines
7.8.1.1 Basic Restriction
7.8.1.2 Reference Level
7.8.2 IEEE Safety Standard
7.9 Conclusion
References
Index
