Fully revised and expanded, the second edition of Basic Chemical Concepts and Tables is written as a quick reference to the many different concepts and ideas encountered in chemistry. The volume presents important subjects in a concise format that makes it a practical resource for any reader. Subjects include general chemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and spectral analysis. The new edition includes updated tables that are useful for the interpretation of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) spectra, and expanded sections devoted to the concept of isomers and polymer structures and includes a new chapter on nuclear chemistry. Separate chapters offer physical constants and unit measurements commonly encountered and mathematical concepts needed when reviewing or working with basic chemistry concepts. Key features:Provides chemical information in a concise format, fully illustrated with many graphs and charts, ideal for course review. Supplements traditional exam review books, serving undergraduate or graduate students. Provides professionals looking for a quick introduction to a topic with a comprehensive ready reference. Graduate and undergraduate chemistry students, professionals or instructors looking to refresh their understanding of a chemistry topic will find this reference indispensable in their daily work.
Author(s): Steven L. Hoenig
Edition: 2
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2024
Language: English
Pages: 304
Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 General Chemistry
1.1 Matter
1.1.1 Classes of Matter
1.1.2 Properties of Matter
1.1.3 States of Matter
1.1.4 Law of Conservation of Mass
1.1.5 Law of Definite Proportions
1.1.6 Law of Multiple Proportions
1.2 Atomic Structure
1.2.1 Constituents of the Atom
1.2.2 Atomic Masses
1.2.3 The Mole
1.2.4 Quantum Numbers
1.2.5 Atomic Orbitals
1.3 Electron Configuration and Periodic Trends
1.3.1 Electronic Configuration of the Elements
1.3.2 Periodic Table of Elements
1.3.3 Ionization Energy
1.3.4 Electronegativity
1.3.5 Atomic Radius
1.3.6 Atomic Mass
1.4 Types of Chemical Bonds
1.4.1 Covalent Bonds
1.4.2 Coordinate Covalent Bonds (Dative Bond)
1.4.3 Ionic Bonds
1.4.4 Metallic Bonds
1.5 Chemical Bonding
1.5.1 Lewis Theory
1.5.2 Valence Bond Theory
1.5.3 Molecular Orbital Theory
1.5.4 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
1.6 Chemical Formulas and Equations
1.6.1 Chemical Formula Anatomy
1.6.2 Chemical Equation Anatomy
1.7 Classification of Chemical Reactions
1.7.1 Synthesis Reactions
1.7.2 Decomposition Reactions
1.7.3 Single Replacement Reactions
1.7.4 Double Replacement Reactions
1.7.5 Combustion
1.8 Activity Series of Metals
1.9 Gases
1.9.1 Boyle’s Law
1.9.2 Charles’s Law
1.9.3 Gay-Lussac’s Law
1.9.4 Avogadro’s Law
1.9.5 Combined Gas Law
1.9.6 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
1.9.7 Ideal Gas Law
1.9.8 Gas Density and Molar Mass
1.9.9 Kinetic Molecular Theory
1.9.10 Root-Mean-Square Speed
1.9.11 Diffusion and Effusion
1.9.12 Equation of State of Real Gases
1.10 Intermolecular Forces: Liquids and Solids
1.10.1 London Forces (Dispersion)
1.10.2 Dipole-Dipole Bonding
1.10.3 Hydrogen Bonding
1.10.4 Ion-Dipole Bonding (Solvation)
1.10.5 Liquids
1.10.6 Solids
1.10.7 Phase Change Diagram
1.10.8 Phase Diagram
1.11 Solutions
1.11.1 Mass Percent
1.11.2 Mole Fraction (X)
1.11.3 Molarity (M)
1.11.4 Molality (m)
1.11.5 Dilutions
1.12 Acids and Bases
1.12.1 Arrhenius Concept
1.12.2 Bronsted-Lowery Concept
1.12.3 Lewis Concept
1.12.4 Ion Product of Water
1.12.5 pH
1.12.6 Ionic Equilibrium
1.12.7 Relationship between Ka and Kb Conjugate Pair
1.12.8 Hydrolysis
1.12.9 Salt of a Strong Acid—Strong Base
1.12.10 Salt of a Strong Acid—Weak Base
1.12.11 Salt of a Weak Acid—Strong Base
1.13 Thermodynamics
1.13.1 First Law of Thermodynamics
1.13.2 Enthalpy
1.13.3 Entropy
1.13.4 Gibbs Free Energy
1.13.5 Standard States
1.13.6 Hess’s Law of Heat Summation
1.14 Equilibria
1.14.1 Homogeneous Equilibrium
1.14.2 Heterogeneous Equilibrium
1.14.3 Le Chatelier’s Principle
1.14.4 Solubility Product
1.14.5 Common Ion Effect
1.15 Kinetics
1.15.1 Zero-Order Reactions
1.15.2 First-Order Reactions
1.15.3 Second-Order Reactions
1.15.4 Collision Theory
1.15.5 Transition State Theory
1.15.6 Catalysts
1.16 Electrochemistry
1.16.1 Oxidation-Reduction
1.16.2 Redox Reagents
1.16.3 Balancing Redox Reactions
1.16.4 Galvanic Cells
1.16.5 Cell Potential
Chapter 2 Inorganic Chemistry
2.1 Group IA Elements
2.2 Group IIA Elements
2.3 Group IIIA Elements
2.4 Group IVA Elements
2.5 Group VA Elements
2.6 Group VIA Elements
2.7 Group VIIA Elements
2.8 Group VIIIA Elements
2.9 Transition Metal Elements
2.10 Crystalline Solids
2.10.1 Crystal Systems
2.10.2 Crystal Lattice Packing
2.10.3 Common Crystalline Solids
2.10.4 Crystals Defects
2.11 Crystal Lattice Energy
2.11.1 Born-Haber Cycle
2.11.2 Madelung Constant
2.12 Coordination Number
2.13 Complexes
2.13.1 Unidentate Ligands
2.13.2 Bidentate Ligands
2.13.3 Tridentate Ligands
2.13.4 Quadridentate Ligands
2.13.5 Pentadentate Ligands
2.13.6 Hexadentate Ligands
Chapter 3 Organic Chemistry
3.1 Classification of Organic Compounds
3.1.1 General Classification
3.1.2 Classification by Functional Group
3.2 Alkanes
3.2.1 Preparation of Alkanes
3.2.2 Reactions of Alkanes
3.3 Alkenes
3.3.1 Preparation of Alkenes
3.3.2 Reactions of Alkenes
3.4 Dienes
3.4.1 Preparation of Conjugated Dienes
3.4.2 Reactions of Dienes
3.5 Alkynes
3.5.1 Preparation of Alkynes
3.5.2 Reactions of Alkynes
3.6 Benzene
3.6.1 Preparation of Benzene
3.6.2 Reactions of Benzenes
3.7 Alkylbenzenes
3.7.1 Preparation of Alkylbenzenes
3.7.2 Reactions of Alkylbenzenes
3.8 Alkenylbenzenes
3.8.1 Preparation of Alkenylbenzenes
3.8.2 Reactions of Alkenylbenzenes
3.9 Alkyl Halides
3.9.1 Preparation of Alkyl Halides
3.9.2 Reactions of Alkyl Halides
3.10 Aryl Halides
3.10.1 Preparation of Aryl Halides
3.10.2 Reactions of Aryl Halides
3.11 Alcohols
3.11.1 Preparation of Alcohols
3.11.2 Reactions of Alcohols
3.12 Phenols
3.12.1 Preparation of Phenols
3.12.2 Reactions of Phenols
3.13 Ethers
3.13.1 Preparation of Ethers
3.13.2 Reactions of Ethers
3.14 Epoxides
3.14.1 Preparation of Epoxides
3.14.2 Reactions of Epoxides
3.15 Aldehydes and Ketones
3.15.1 Preparation of Aldehydes
3.15.2 Reactions Specific to Aldehydes
3.15.3 Preparation of Ketones
3.15.4 Reactions Specific to Ketones
3.15.5 Reactions Common to Aldehydes and Ketones
3.16 Carboxylic Acids
3.16.1 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
3.16.2 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
3.17 Acyl Chlorides
3.17.1 Preparation of Acyl Chlorides
3.17.2 Reactions of Acyl Chlorides
3.18 Acid Anhydrides
3.18.1 Preparation of Acid Anhydrides
3.18.2 Reactions of Acid Anhydrides
3.19 Esters
3.19.1 Preparation of Esters
3.19.2 Reactions of Esters
3.20 Amides
3.20.1 Preparation of Amides
3.20.2 Reactions of Amides
3.21 Amines
3.21.1 Preparation of Amines
3.21.2 Reactions of Amines
3.22 Alicyclic Compounds
3.22.1 Preparation of Alicyclic Compounds
3.22.2 Reactions of Alicyclic Compounds
3.23 Heterocyclic Compounds
3.23.1 Preparation of Pyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene
3.23.2 Reactions of Pyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene
3.23.3 Preparation of Pyridine, Quinoline, and Isoquinoline
3.23.4 Reactions of Pyridine, Quinoline, and Isoquinoline
3.24 Isomers
3.24.1 Isomers and Stereoisomers
3.24.2 Optical Activity
3.24.3 Enantiomers
3.24.4 Chirality
3.24.5 Diastereomers
3.24.6 Racemic Mixture
3.24.7 Meso Compounds
3.24.8 Positional Isomers
3.24.9 Geometric Isomers
3.24.10 Conformational Isomers
3.24.11 Configurational Isomers
3.25 Polymers
3.25.1 Classes of Polymers—Polymerization
3.25.2 Classes of Polymers—Molecular Forces
3.25.3 Classes of Polymers—Structure
3.25.4 Classes of Polymers—Sources
3.25.5 Common Polymers
3.25.6 Terminology
3.26 Biochemistry
3.26.1 Carbohydrates
3.26.2 Lipids
3.26.3 Proteins
3.26.4 Enzymes
3.26.5 Nucleic Acids
Chapter 4 Nomenclature
4.1 Inorganic Nomenclature
4.1.1 Ionic Compounds
4.1.2 Naming Ionic Ions and Compounds
4.1.3 Naming Molecular Compounds
4.1.4 Naming Acids
4.2 Organic Nomenclature
4.2.1 Alkanes
4.2.2 Cycloalkanes
4.2.3 Alkenes
4.2.4 Alkynes
4.2.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
4.2.6 Alkyl Halides
4.2.7 Aromatic Halides
4.2.8 Alcohols
4.2.9 Ethers
4.2.10 Aldehydes
4.2.11 Ketones
4.2.12 Carboxylic Acids
4.2.13 Esters
4.2.14 Amines
4.2.15 Amides
4.2.16 Multifunctional Group Compounds
4.3 Organic Ring Structures
4.3.1 Alicyclic Rings
4.3.2 Aromatic Rings
4.3.3 Heterocyclic Rings
4.4 Greek Alphabet
4.5 Abbreviations
Chapter 5 Qualitative Chemical Analysis
5.1 Inorganic Analysis
5.1.1 Flame Tests
5.1.2 Bead Tests
5.1.3 Tests for Gases
5.1.4 Solubility Rules
5.1.5 Solubility Table
5.1.6 Qualitative Analysis—Cationic
5.1.7 Qualitative Analysis—Anionic
5.2 Organic Analysis
5.2.1 Solubilities
5.2.2 Classification Tests
5.3 Laboratory Reagents
5.3.1 Dilute Acids
5.3.2 Dilute Bases
5.3.3 Reagents
5.4 Acid—Base Indicators
Chapter 6 Spectroscopy Tables
6.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
6.1.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
6.2 Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy
6.2.1 Solvents
6.2.2 Woodward’s Rules for Diene Absorption
6.2.3 Selected UV-Vis Tables
6.3 Infrared Spectroscopy
6.3.1 Infrared Media
6.3.2 Infrared Absorption Frequencies Chart
6.3.3 Infrared Absorption Frequencies Tables
6.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
6.4.1 Reference Standards for Proton NMR
6.4.2 Common NMR Solvents
6.4.3 NMR Proton Chemical Shift Chart
6.4.4 1H Chemical Shifts
6.5 Mass Spectroscopy
Chapter 7 Nuclear Chemistry
7.1 Radioactivity
7.2 Types of Radiation
7.3 Nuclear Reactions
7.3.1 Spontaneous Radioactive Decay
7.3.2 Transmutation
7.4 Half-Life
7.5 Nuclear Stability
7.6 Radioactive Decay Series
7.7 Mass Defect and Nuclear Binding Energy
7.8 Fission
7.9 Fusion
Chapter 8 Units and Measurements
8.1 Fundamental Physical Constants
8.2 Units
8.3 Prefixes
8.4 Conversion Factors
Chapter 9 Mathematical Concepts
9.1 Algebraic Formulas
9.1.1 Laws of Exponents
9.1.2 Laws of Logarithms
9.1.3 Quadratic Equation
9.1.4 Graphs (a, b, c, m, and Real Numbers)
9.2 Plane Figure Formulas
9.2.1 Rectangle
9.2.2 Parallelogram
9.2.3 Trapezoid
9.2.4 Equilateral Triangle
9.2.5 Circle
9.2.6 Ellipse
9.3 Solid Figure Formulas
9.3.1 Rectangular Solid
9.3.2 Right Cylinder
9.3.3 Right Circular Cone
9.3.4 Sphere
9.4 Significant Figures
9.4.1 Rules for Significant Figure
9.4.2 Rounding of Significant Figures
9.4.3 Multiplication and Division of Significant Figures
9.4.4 Addition and Subtraction of Significant Figures
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Bibliography
Index
