This book describes the mineralization process of barite-fluorite deposits in southeastern Sichuan, Yangtze Block, China. Mainly through systematic field geological surveys and detailed indoor research work, the typical barite-fluorite deposits in this area were analyzed using a variety of analysis methods such as single fluid inclusion LA-ICP-MS composition analysis, trace rare earth element analysis, H-O-S-Sr isotope analysis, F element content analysis, and Sm-Nd geochronological analysis. By in-depth analysis of the ore-forming environment, mineralization process and geological characteristics of barite-fluorite deposits, the following were determined: (1) the source of ore-forming fluids of barite-fluorite deposits and (2) the migration, concentration, enrichment, and evolution of ore-forming sources, exploring the formation mechanism of barite-fluorite deposits. Summarizing the mineralization regularity of the deposit in this area of China provides a new insight and basis for the study of similar types of deposits in the world.
Author(s): Hao Zou, Shou-Ting Zhang, Min Li, Zhan-Zhang Xu
Series: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, 23
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 213
City: Singapore
Foreword 1
Foreword 2
Preface
About the Book
Contents
About the Authors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Significance
1.2 State of the Art Research
1.2.1 State of the Art Research on Fluorite
Resource Status of Fluorite
The Global Position of Fluorite Resources in China
Distribution of Fluorite Resources in China
State of the Art Research of Fluorite Deposit Characteristics
Types of Fluorite Deposits
Genesis of Fluorite Deposits
Mineralization Temperature of Fluorite Deposits
Mineralization Age of Fluorite Deposits
Source of Ore-Forming Materials
Ore-Forming Fluid Sources
The Colour of Fluorite
1.2.2 State of the Art Research on Barite
Resource Status of Barite
The Global Status of Barite Resources in China
Distribution Characteristics of Barite Resources in China
State of the Art Research of Barite Deposits
Deposit Types
Geological Characteristics of Barite Deposits
Mineralization Temperature of Barite Deposits
Sources of Ore-Forming Materials in Barite Deposits
Sr and S Isotopes
REE Characteristics
1.2.3 State of the Art Research on Fluorite of the Study Area
1.3 The Scientific Problem
1.4 Research Ideas and Research Content
1.4.1 Research Ideas
1.4.2 Research Content
References
Chapter 2: Geological Setting
2.1 Geotectonic Setting
2.1.1 Paleozoic to Early Devonian Tectonic Evolution
2.1.2 Middle Devonian to Early Permian Tectonic Evolution
2.1.3 Late Permian to Middle Triassic Tectonic Evolution
2.1.4 Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous Tectonic Evolution
2.1.5 Late Cretaceous to Present Tectonic Evolution
2.2 Regional Stratigraphic Characteristics
2.2.1 Pre-Cambrian
2.2.2 Cambrian
2.2.3 Ordovician
2.2.4 Middle-Lower Silurian
2.3 Regional Structural Characteristics
2.3.1 Fold Ore Control Structure System
2.3.2 Fault Structure System
References
Chapter 3: Petrological Characteristics and Sedimentary Environment
3.1 Petrological Characteristics
3.1.1 Clastic Rocks and Shale
3.1.2 Carbonate
3.2 Sedimentary Environment
References
Chapter 4: Mineralization Belts and Geological Characteristics of Deposits
4.1 Distribution Characteristics of Mineralization Belts
4.2 Geological Characteristics of Typical Deposits
4.2.1 Langxi Huoshiya Barite-Fluorite Deposit
Strata
Structure
Ore Body Characteristics
Ore Characteristics
Ore Composition and Properties
Ore Texture and Structure
Wall Rock Alteration
4.2.2 Fengjia Barite-Fluorite Deposit
Strata
Structure
Ore Body Characteristics
Ore Characteristics
Wall Rock Alteration
4.2.3 Taiji Barite-Fluorite Deposit
Strata
Structure
Ore Body Characteristics
Ore Characteristics
Wall Rock Alteration
4.2.4 Honghualing Barite-Fluorite Deposit
Strata
Structure
Ore Body Characteristics
Ore Characteristics
Wall Rock Alteration
References
Chapter 5: Element Geochemistry
5.1 Sample Collection and Analysis
5.2 Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements
5.3 Geochemical Characteristics of REEs
5.3.1 Characteristics of REE in Fluorite and Barite
5.3.2 Characteristics of REE in Ore-Bearing Wall Rocks
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 REE Patterns
5.4.2 δEu and δCe
5.4.3 REE Variation Diagrams
La/Ho Vs Y/Ho
Tb/Ca Vs Tb/La
La/Yb Vs REE
References
Chapter 6: Ore-Forming Fluids
6.1 Fluid Inclusion Geochemistry
6.1.1 Petrographic Characteristics of Fluid Inclusions
6.1.2 Homogenization Temperature and Salinity
6.1.3 Fluid Inclusion Density
6.2 Pressure Estimation of Fluid Inclusions
6.2.1 Pressure Estimation and Mineralization Depth
Driesner and Heinrich Equation
Bischoff Phase Diagram Method
Shao Jielian´s Empirical Formula
Liu Bin´s Isometric Equation
6.2.2 Degree of Erosion
6.2.3 Oxygen Fugacity Analysis
6.3 Vapor and Liquid Composition of Fluid Inclusions
6.3.1 Gas Phase Composition
6.3.2 Liquid Phase Composition
6.4 LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Single Fluid Inclusions
References
Chapter 7: Isotope Geochemistry
7.1 H-O Isotopic Characteristics
7.2 S Isotopic Characteristics
7.3 Sr Isotopic Characteristics
7.3.1 Sr Isotopic Compositions of the Host Rock
7.3.2 Sr Isotopic Composition of Fluorite and Barite
7.3.3 The Source of Ca and Ba
7.4 Sm-Nd Isotopic Characteristics
References
Chapter 8: The Source and Regularity of Mineralization
8.1 Source of the Ore-Forming Fluids
8.2 Source of the Ore-Forming Materials
8.3 Age of the Mineralization
8.4 Mineralization Period and Mineral Formation Sequence
8.4.1 Pre-mineralization Period
Sedimentary-Diagenetic Enrichment stage of the Basin
Precipitation and Deep-Cycle Leaching Enrichment stage
8.4.2 Syn-mineralization Period
Barite-Fluorite Mineralization Stage (I)
White (colorless) Coarse Grained Barite-Fluorite Substage (I-1)
Dark Fine-Grained Fluorite Substage (I-2)
Carbonate Stage (II)
8.4.3 Post-mineralization Period
8.5 Zoning of Ore Bodies and Mineralization Model
8.5.1 Vertical Zonation of the Ore Bodies
Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Altered Roof of the Barite-Fluorite Ore Body
Carbonated Altered Roof
Silicified Alteration Top Cover
Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Ore Body at the Head of Barite-Fluorite Deposits
Characteristics of the Upper Part of the Head Ore Body
Characteristics of the Lower Part of the Head Ore Body
Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Upper Ore Body in Barite-Fluorite Deposits
Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Middle Ore Body in Barite-Fluorite Deposits
Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Lower Ore Body in Barite-Fluorite Deposits
Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Tail Ore Body in Barite-Fluorite Deposits
8.5.2 Mineralization Model
8.6 Mineralization Regularity
8.6.1 The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mineralization Belt
8.6.2 The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of the Ore Bodies
References
