The commercial operation of atmospheric water harvesting systems is still limited to few countries; this is mainly due to the low energy efficiency of the system and the inability to effectively operate throughout the various seasons of the year. Researchers have attempted to develop strategies to render the operation of atmospheric water harvesters easier and cost effective. This book covers work progress toward such direction, including among others the co-operation of these systems with renewable energy source and the adaptation of the systems to local conditions; the response of the communities around the world to such technology and how its implementation is affected by cultural believe, cost, and technological friendliness. The book is of interest to academic researchers, students, water authorities, professional in relevant industries, government regulatory bodies officers, and environmentalists.
Author(s): Elvis Fosso-Kankeu, Ali Al Alili, Hemant Mittal, Bhekie Mamba
Series: Water Science and Technology Library, 122
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 217
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Atmospheric Water Generator Technologies
1.1 Introduction
1.2 AWH by Moisture Sorption Technology
1.3 AWH by Vapor Condensing Technology
References
2 Outdoor Testing of Double Slope Condensation Surface for Extraction of Water from Air
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions
2.3 Extraction of Water from Atmospheric Air
2.4 Commercial Applications of Extracting Water from Atmospheric Air
2.5 Experimental Study of the Model
2.5.1 Description of Apparatus
2.5.2 Experiment Procedures
2.6 Mathematical Model
2.6.1 Productivity Model
2.6.2 Model of Solar Radiation
2.6.3 Simulation
2.7 Results and Discussion of Experimental and Theoretical Model
2.7.1 Daily Efficiency
2.7.2 Comparison Between Different Designs Including the Present Work
2.8 Conclusion
References
3 New Materials for Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting: Opportunities and Challenges
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Basic Principle of AWHA
3.3 Desiccant Materials for AWHA
3.3.1 Requirements for the Sorbent Properties
3.3.2 Solid Adsorbents
3.3.3 Liquid and Solid Absorbents
3.3.4 Composite Sorbents Based on Hygroscopic Salts
3.4 Cycles and Configurations
3.4.1 Active Versus Passive Cycles
3.4.2 Open Versus Semi-open Systems
3.5 Summary and Outlooks
References
4 Metal-Oxide Frameworks for Atmospheric Water Harvesting
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Atmospheric Water Harvesting Based on Adsorption
4.3 Development of MOFs
4.4 Conclusions and Future Trends in MOFs-Based Adsorbent
References
5 Solar Adsorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Systems: Materials and Technologies
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 AWH Working Concept
5.2 Adsorption Materials for AWH
5.2.1 Silica Gel
5.2.2 Zeolite
5.2.3 Activated Carbon Fiber
5.2.4 Expanded Natural Graphite
5.2.5 Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
5.2.6 Hydrogel
5.2.7 Closure of the Adsorption Materials
5.3 Atmospheric Water Harvesting Technologies
5.3.1 Technologies of AWH Devices Powered by Solar Energy
5.3.2 Solar Glass Desiccant Box-Type Systems (SGDBTS)
5.3.3 Solar Glass Desiccant Pyramid-Prism Type Systems (SGDPS)
5.3.4 Solar Glass Desiccant Focus Type System (SGDFTS)
5.3.5 Portable AWH Systems
5.3.6 Supplementary AWH Systems
5.3.7 Closure of AWH Systems
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 Potential of Atmospheric Water Harvesting in Arid Regions: Case Studies
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methods for Atmospheric Water Harvesting
6.2.1 Natural Harvesting (Tu et al. 2018)
6.2.2 Early Atmospheric Water Generator (Tu et al. 2018)
6.2.3 Modern Atmospheric Water Generators (Tu et al. 2018)
6.2.4 Rain Collection
6.2.5 Fog Harvesting (Maleki et al. 2021)
6.2.6 Dew Water Collection (Tu et al. 2018)
6.2.7 Condensation of Vapor
6.2.8 Cooling of Ambient Air
6.3 Atmospheric Water Harvesting in Arid and Semi Arid Regions (Case Studies)
6.3.1 Namibia-Fog as a Source (Shanyengana et al. 2002)
6.3.2 Chile-Dew Water Harvesting
6.3.3 Rajasthan-Water Harvesting and Moisture Conservation (Narain et al. 2005)
6.3.4 Syria-Atmospheric Water Harvesting Via Fog and Dew Water
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 Sustainability of Atmospheric Water Harvesting in the Remote Areas
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Techniques of Atmospheric Water Harvesting
7.2.1 Fog Water Collection
7.2.2 Dew Water Collection
7.3 Understanding Moisture Sorption Mechanism
7.4 Structural Design of AWH
7.4.1 Silica Gel
7.4.2 Activated Carbon Fibres
7.4.3 Metal Organic Frameworks
7.4.4 3-D Polymeric Network Hydrogels
7.5 Summary
References
8 Techno-economic Assessment of Atmospheric Water Harvesting (AWH) Technologies
8.1 Introduction
8.2 AWH Technologies
8.2.1 Artificial Rain Harvesting Technologies
8.2.2 Fog Water Harvesting (FWH) Technologies
8.2.3 Dew Water Harvesting Technologies
8.2.4 Economic Analysis of AWH Systems
References
9 Businesses Based on Atmospheric Water Harvesting Around the World
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Atmospheric Water Harvesting Technologies
9.3 Types of Businesses Around Atmospheric Water Harvesting
9.3.1 Businesses Related to Atmospheric Water Generators
9.3.2 Desiccants Market
9.3.3 Hydropanels Market
9.3.4 Fog Collectors
9.3.5 Bottled Atmospheric Drinking Water Market
9.4 Conclusion
References
10 Awareness of Atmospheric Water Harvesting Technology in a Community: Case Study of Pretoria North in South Africa
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methodology
10.2.1 Study Area
10.2.2 Design
10.2.3 Ethical Considerations
10.2.4 Execution Plan
10.3 Results
10.3.1 Participation Per Age Group
10.3.2 General Survey Outcome Regarding the Perception of the Different Age Groups
10.3.3 Perception of Age Groups Regarding the Consideration of AWH
10.3.4 Perception of Age Groups Regarding the Payment for Quality Water
10.4 Conclusion
References
