This atlas is the first reference covering exclusively all aspects of sciatic pain. It is designed to serve as a brief and easy-to-comprehend review of the knowledge of spinal sciatica, with emphasis on classification, epidemiology, clinical presentations, neuroimaging, and treatment options. Sections on extraspinal sciatica and differential diagnosis of this multifaceted topic are also included. This atlas delivers more information in less space than traditional texts, allowing for a quick review of the essential facts of this clinical entity through plentiful images and tables. Pertinent imaging is combined with intraoperative photographs and hand-drawn illustrations to help readers visualize variable presentations and enhance their management.
The comprehensive content of this richly-illustrated book covers different etiologies of sciatic pain seen in spinal, neurosurgical, neurologic, rheumatologic and emergency practices, divided into five thematic sections. After general considerations about sciatica and their differential diagnosis, the second section focuses on lumbosacral discogenic sciatica. The third section includes spinal non-discogenic sciatica. The fourth section focuses on extraspinal intrapelvic sciatica, and the fifth provides a description of the most important etiologies of extraspinal extrapelvic sciatica.
Comprehensive and unique, Atlas of Sciatica is an excellent pictorial resource for neurosurgeons, spinal surgeons, neurologists, rheumatologists, and many other clinicians worldwide. It is a “one of a kind” book that stands head and shoulders above any other book on this subject (from the foreword of Professor Edward C. Benzel, MD, Founder of the World Spinal Column Society).
Author(s): Ali Akhaddar
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2024
Language: English
Tags: Sciatica; Neurosurgery; Neurology; Spinal Surgery; Rheumatology; Pain Management
Foreword 1
Foreword 2
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
Abbreviations
Part I: General Considerations
1: Definitions of Sciatica
1.1 Origin of the Term “Sciatica”
1.2 Definitions of the Term “Sciatica”
Further Reading
2: Historical Aspects of Sciatica
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Biblical Period
2.3 Greco-Roman Period
2.4 Arabic and Persian Civilization
2.5 Eighteenth Century
2.6 Nineteenth Century
2.7 Twentieth Century
Further Reading
3: Anatomy and Physiology of the Sciatic Nerve
3.1 Generality and Relevance
3.2 Origin and Course of the Sciatic Nerve
3.3 The Lumbosacral Spine
3.4 The Lumbosacral Nerve Roots
3.5 The Intervertebral Foraminal Area
3.6 The Major Branches of the Sciatic Nerve
3.7 The Motor and Sensory Supply of the Sciatic Nerve
3.8 Variant Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve
Further Reading
4: Epidemiology and Etiologies of Sciatica
4.1 Generalities and Relevance
4.2 Epidemiology
4.3 Risk Factors
4.4 Classifications and Etiologies
Further Reading
5: Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Sciatica
5.1 Generalities and Relevance
5.2 Compression Mechanisms
5.3 Vascular Mechanisms
5.4 Inflammatory Mechanisms
5.5 Immunological Mechanisms
5.6 Neurophysiological Effects
5.7 Psychological Disorders
5.8 Other Mechanisms
Further Reading
6: Natural History of Sciatica
6.1 Generalities and Relevance
6.2 Natural History of Sciatica Related to Lumbar Disk Herniation
Further Reading
7: Main Clinical Presentations of Sciatica
7.1 Generalities and Relevance
7.2 Patient History
7.3 Physical Examinations and Findings
7.4 Psychological and Psychiatric Disorders
Further Reading
8: Clinical Differential Diagnoses of Sciatica (Sciatic Pain in Name Only)
8.1 Generalities and Relevance
8.2 Spinal Conditions
8.2.1 Spinal Lesions Without Neurological Involvement
8.2.2 Myelopathies
8.2.3 Other Spinal Radiculopathies
8.3 Extraspinal Conditions
8.3.1 Pelvic, Abdominal, and Thoracic Diseases
8.3.2 Other Plexopathies
8.3.3 Extrapelvic (Lower Limb) Diseases
8.3.3.1 Hip Pain
8.3.3.2 Pain of the Antero-Proximal Part of the Lower Limb
8.3.3.3 Pain of the Outer Part of the Thigh
8.3.3.4 Buttock Pain
8.3.3.5 Knee Pain
8.3.3.6 Leg Pain
8.3.3.7 Ankle Pain
8.3.3.8 Foot Pain
8.3.3.9 Myositis and Myopathies
8.3.3.10 Phantom Limb Pain and Stump Pain
8.3.3.11 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
8.3.4 Other Peripheral Neuropathies
8.3.5 Fibromyalgia Syndrome
8.4 Intracranial Diseases
8.5 Psychological and Psychiatric Disorders
Further Reading
9: Paraclinic Evaluations of Sciatica
9.1 Generalities and Relevance
9.2 Neurophysiological Studies
9.3 Imaging Modalities
9.3.1 Plain Radiography
9.3.2 Myelography
9.3.3 Discography
9.3.4 Computed Tomography Scan
9.3.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
9.3.6 Other Imaging Investigations
9.4 Laboratory Investigations
9.5 Epidural and Selective Lumbosacral Nerve Blocks
Further Reading
10: Neuroimaging Differential Diagnoses of Common Lumbar Disk Herniations
10.1 Generalities and Relevance
10.2 Synovial Cyst
10.3 Discal Cyst
10.4 Epidural Gas Pseudocyst
10.5 Osteophytes
10.6 Ossifications of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
10.7 Discitis
10.8 Epidural Abscess
10.9 Conjoined Nerve Root Anomalies
10.10 Enlarged Nerve Roots
10.11 Apophyseal Ring Fracture (Posterior Ring Apophysis Separation)
10.12 Postoperative Disorders
10.13 Tumors and Pseudotumors (Epidural Non-vertebral)
10.14 Tumors (Nerve Root Tumors)
10.15 Epidural Hematoma
10.16 Epidural Varices (Venous Plexus Engorgement)
10.17 Epidural Cavernous Hemangiomas
10.18 Rare Lesions
Further Reading
11: Nonsurgical Treatment of Discogenic Sciatica
11.1 Generalities and Relevance
11.2 Medications (Pharmacological Therapies)
11.3 Activity Modifications
11.4 Physical Therapy Programs for Rehabilitation
11.5 Therapeutic Injections
11.6 Complementary and Alternative Therapies
11.7 Patient Education
Further Reading
12: Surgical Treatment of Discogenic Sciatica
12.1 Generalities and Relevance
12.2 Open Approaches
12.3 Intradiscal Surgical Procedures
12.3.1 Chemonucleolysis
12.3.2 Automated Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy
12.3.3 Intradiscal Endothermal Therapy (IDET)
12.3.4 Coblation Nucleoplasty
12.3.5 Percutaneous Laser Disk Decompression (PLDD)
12.4 Endoscopic Disk Surgery
12.4.1 Transforaminal Endoscopic Approach
12.4.2 Interlaminar Endoscopic Approach
Further Reading
13: Surgical Complications of Discogenic Sciatica
13.1 Definition and Relevance
13.2 Dural Tear
13.3 Infection
13.4 Radicular Injury
13.5 Neurological Complications
13.6 Recurrence (Re-herniation) Relapsing LDH
13.7 Epidural Fibrosis
13.8 Arachnoiditis
13.9 Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
13.10 Wrong Side or Wrong Level Exploration
13.11 Lesions from Operative Positioning
13.12 Hardware Devices and Instrumentations
13.13 Spinal Instability
13.14 Compressing Epidural Hematoma
13.15 Wound Complications
13.16 Thromboembolic Problems
13.17 Reoperation
13.18 Pseudarthrosis
13.19 Retroperitoneal Blood Vessels and Visceral Injuries
13.20 Other Surgical Errors and Rare Complications
13.21 Nonsurgical (Medical) Complications
13.22 Mortality
13.23 Conclusion
Further Reading
14: Surgical Outcomes of Discogenic Sciatica
14.1 Generalities and Relevance
14.2 Postoperative Management
14.3 Postoperative Complications (c.f. Chap. 13 About Surgical Complications of Discogenic Sciatica)
14.4 Sequels
14.5 Surgical Results
Further Reading
15: Sciatica in Popular Cultures
15.1 Traditional Therapeutic Practices
15.2 Sciatica in Nonmedical Literature
Further Reading
Part II: Lumbosacral Discogenic Sciatica
16: Central and Subarticular Lumbar Disk Herniations
16.1 Definition and Relevance
16.2 Clinical Presentations
16.3 Imaging Features
16.4 Treatment Options
16.5 Outcome and Prognosis
Further Reading
17: Foraminal and Extraforaminal (Far Lateral) Lumbar Disk Herniations
17.1 Generalities and Relevance
17.2 Main Particularities of Foraminal and Extraforaminal Lumbar Disk Herniations
17.3 Imaging Features
17.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
18: Migrated Lumbar Disk Herniations
18.1 Generalities and Relevance
18.2 Clinical Presentations
18.3 Paraclinic Features
18.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
19: Sequestrated Lumbar Disk Herniations
19.1 Generalities and Relevance
19.2 Clinical Presentations
19.3 Paraclinical Features
19.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
20: Massive (Giant) Lumbar Disk Herniations
20.1 Generalities and Relevance
20.2 Clinical Presentations
20.3 Imaging Features
20.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
21: Posterior Epidural Migration of Lumbar Disk Herniations
21.1 Generalities and Relevance
21.2 Clinical Presentations
21.3 Imaging Features
21.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
22: Sciatica Due to High Lumbar Disk Herniations and Spinal Stenosis
22.1 Generalities and Relevance
22.2 Clinical Presentations
22.3 Paraclinical Features
22.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
23: Anterior Retroperitoneal Lumbar Disk Herniations
23.1 Generalities and Relevance
23.2 Clinical Presentations
23.3 Imaging Features
23.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
24: Pediatric Lumbar Disk Herniations
24.1 Generalities and Relevance
24.2 Clinical Presentations
24.3 Imaging Features
24.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
24.5 Outcomes and Prognosis
Further Reading
25: Pregnant Women with Lumbar Disk Herniations
25.1 Generalities and Relevance
25.2 Clinical Presentations
25.3 Imaging Features
25.4 Treatment Options
25.5 Outcomes and Prognosis
Further Reading
26: Spontaneous Regression of Lumbar Disk Herniations
26.1 Generalities and Relevance
26.2 Clinical Presentations
26.3 Paraclinical Features
26.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
27: Posterior Ring Apophysis Separation
27.1 Generalities and Relevance
27.2 Clinical Presentations
27.3 Imaging Features
27.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
28: Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniations
28.1 Generalities and Relevance
28.2 Clinical Presentations
28.3 Imaging Features
28.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
29: Discal Cysts
29.1 Generalities and Relevance
29.2 Clinical Presentations
29.3 Imaging Features
29.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
30: Intradural Lumbar Disk Herniations
30.1 Generalities and Relevance
30.2 Clinical Presentations
30.3 Imaging Features
30.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
31: Intraradicular Lumbar Disc Herniations
31.1 Generalities and Relevance
31.2 Clinical Presentations
31.3 Imaging Features
31.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
32: Sciatic Double Crush Syndrome at the Same Root Site
32.1 Generalities and Relevance
32.2 Clinical Presentations
32.3 Paraclinic Features
32.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
33: Sciatica Due to Contralateral Lumbar Disc Herniations
33.1 Generalities and Relevance
33.2 Clinical Presentations
33.3 Paraclinic Features
33.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
Part III: Spinal Non-discogenic Sciatica
34: Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
34.1 Generalities and Relevance
34.2 Clinical Presentations
34.3 Paraclinic Features
34.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
35: Lumbar Spondylolysis
35.1 Generalities and Relevance
35.2 Clinical Presentations
35.3 Paraclinic Features
35.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
36: Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
36.1 Generalities and Relevance
36.2 Clinical Presentations
36.3 Paraclinic Features
36.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
37: Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis
37.1 Generalities and Relevance
37.2 Clinical presentations
37.3 Imaging Features
37.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
38: Lumbosacral Extraforaminal Stenosis (Far-Out Syndrome)
38.1 Generalities and Relevance
38.2 Clinical Presentations
38.3 Paraclinic Features
38.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
39: Lumbosacral Vertebral Tumors
39.1 Generalities and Relevance
39.2 Clinical Presentations
39.3 Paraclinic Features
39.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
40: Epidural Nonvertebral Tumors
40.1 Generalities and Relevance
40.2 Clinical Presentations
40.3 Paraclinic Features
40.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
41: Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis
41.1 Generalities and Relevance
41.2 Clinical Presentations
41.3 Imaging Features
41.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
42: Intradural Lumbosacral Tumors
42.1 Generalities and Relevance
42.2 Clinical Presentations
42.3 Imaging Features
42.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
43: Conus Medullaris Lesions
43.1 Generalities and Relevance
43.2 Etiologies
43.3 Clinical Presentations
43.4 Imaging Features
43.5 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
44: Intraspinal Funicular Sciatica
44.1 Generalities and Relevance
44.2 Clinical Presentations
44.3 Imaging Features
44.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
45: Axial Spondyloarthritis (Spinal Ankylosing Spondylitis)
45.1 Generalities and Relevance
45.2 Clinical Presentations
45.3 Paraclinic Features
45.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
46: Spinal Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
46.1 Generalities and Relevance
46.2 Clinical Presentations
46.3 Paraclinic Features
46.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
47: Spinal Paget’s Disease and Sciatica
47.1 Generalities and Relevance
47.2 Clinical Presentations
47.3 Paraclinic Features
47.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
48: Spinal Rheumatoid Arthritis
48.1 Generalities and Relevance
48.2 Clinical Presentations
48.3 Paraclinic Features
48.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
49: Spinal Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (Forestier’s Disease)
49.1 Generalities and Relevance
49.2 Clinical Presentations
49.3 Paraclinic Features
49.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
50: Lumbar Spinal Gout and Pseudogout
50.1 Generalities and Relevance
50.2 Clinical Presentations
50.3 Paraclinic Features
50.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
51: Spinal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma)
51.1 Generalities and Relevance
51.2 Clinical Presentations
51.3 Paraclinic Features
51.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
52: Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Spondylodiscitis
52.1 Generalities and Relevance
52.2 Clinical Presentations
52.3 Imaging Features
52.4 Laboratory Findings
52.5 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
53: Spinal Epidural Abscesses
53.1 Generalities and Relevance
53.2 Clinical Presentations
53.3 Imaging Features
53.4 Laboratory Findings
53.5 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
54: Spinal Subdural Abscesses
54.1 Generalities and Relevance
54.2 Clinical Presentations
54.3 Imaging Features
54.4 Laboratory Findings
54.5 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
55: Lumbar Adhesive Arachnoiditis
55.1 Generalities and Relevance
55.2 Clinical Presentations
55.3 Imaging Features
55.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
56: Arachnoiditis Ossificans
56.1 Generalities and Relevance
56.2 Clinical Presentations
56.3 Imaging Features
56.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
57: Bertolotti’s Syndrome
57.1 Generalities and Relevance
57.2 Clinical Presentations
57.3 Paraclinic Features
57.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
58: De Anquin’s Disease (Spinous Engagement Syndrome)
58.1 Generalities and Relevance
58.2 Clinical Presentations
58.3 Imaging Features
58.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
59: Lumbosacral Conjoined Nerve Roots
59.1 Generalities and Relevance
59.2 Clinical Presentations
59.3 Imaging Features
59.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
60: Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome
60.1 Generalities and Relevance
60.2 Clinical Presentations
60.3 Imaging Features
60.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
61: Ventriculus Terminalis (Fifth Ventricle)
61.1 Generalities and Relevance
61.2 Clinical Presentations
61.3 Imaging Features
61.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
62: Spinal Dural Ectasia
62.1 Generalities and Relevance
62.2 Clinical Presentations
62.3 Imaging Features
62.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
63: Spinal Arachnoid Cysts
63.1 Definition and Relevance
63.2 Clinical Presentations
63.3 Imaging Features
63.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
64: Tarlov Cysts
64.1 Generalities and Relevance
64.2 Clinical Presentations
64.3 Imaging Features
64.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
65: Lumbosacral Spine Fractures and Dislocations
65.1 Generalities and Relevance
65.2 Clinical Presentations
65.3 Paraclinic Features
65.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
66: Spinal Pathologic Fractures
66.1 Generalities and Relevance
66.2 Clinical Presentations
66.3 Paraclinic Features
66.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
67: Sacral Stress Fractures
67.1 Generalities and Relevance
67.2 Clinical Presentations
67.3 Paraclinic Features
67.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
68: Penetrating Lumbosacral Spine Injuries
68.1 Generalities and Relevance
68.2 Clinical Presentations
68.3 Paraclinic Features
68.4 Treatment Options
68.5 Outcomes and Prognosis
Further Reading
69: Spinal Epidural Hematomas
69.1 Generalities and Relevance
69.2 Clinical Presentations
69.3 Imaging Features
69.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
70: Spinal Subdural Hematomas
70.1 Generalities and Relevance
70.2 Clinical Presentations
70.3 Imaging Features
70.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
71: Spinal Subarachnoid Hematomas
71.1 Generalities and Relevance
71.2 Clinical Presentations
71.3 Imaging Features
71.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
72: Lumbar Epidural Varices
72.1 Generalities and Relevance
72.2 Clinical Presentations
72.3 Imaging Features
72.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
73: Ligamentum Flavum Hematomas
73.1 Generalities and Relevance
73.2 Clinical Presentations
73.3 Imaging Features
73.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
74: Spinal Cavernous Angioma (Cavernoma)
74.1 Generalities and Relevance
74.2 Clinical Presentations
74.3 Paraclinic Features
74.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
75: Spinal Hygromas
75.1 Generalities End Relevance
75.2 Clinical Presentations
75.3 Imaging Features
75.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
76: Postoperative Spinal Etiologies of Sciatica
76.1 Generalities and Relevance
76.2 Clinical Presentations
76.3 Paraclinic Evaluations
76.4 Treatment Options
76.5 Outcome and Prognosis
Further Reading
77: Extradural Fibrous Entrapment of Lumbosacral Nerve Roots
77.1 Generalities and Relevance
77.2 Clinical Presentations
77.3 Imaging Features
77.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
78: Nerve Roots Herniation and Entrapment
78.1 Generalities and Relevance
78.2 Clinical Presentations
78.3 Imaging Features
78.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
79: Synovial Cysts of the Facet Joints
79.1 Generalities and Relevance
79.2 Clinical Presentations
79.3 Imaging Features
79.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
80: Ligamentum Flavum Cystic Lesions
80.1 Generalities and Relevance
80.2 Clinical Presentations
80.3 Imaging Features
80.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
81: Ligamentum Flavum Ossifications
81.1 Generalities and Relevance
81.2 Clinical Presentations
81.3 Imaging Features
81.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
82: Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Cysts
82.1 Generalities and Relevance
82.2 Clinical Presentations
82.3 Imaging Features
82.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
83: Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Ossifications
83.1 Generalities and Relevance
83.2 Clinical Presentations
83.3 Imaging Features
83.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
84: Baastrup Disease
84.1 Generalities and Relevance
84.2 Clinical Presentations
84.3 Imaging Features
84.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
85: Spinal Epidural Gas Pseudocysts
85.1 Generalities and Relevance
85.2 Clinical Presentations
85.3 Imaging Features
85.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
Part IV: Extraspinal Intrapelvic Sciatica
86: Sciatic Lumbosacral Plexopathies
86.1 Generalities and Relevance
86.2 Etiologies
86.3 Clinical Presentations
86.4 Paraclinic Features
86.5 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
87: Abdominopelvic and Retroperitoneal Tumors
87.1 Generalities and Relevance
87.2 Clinical Presentations
87.3 Paraclinic Features
87.4 Treatment Options
87.5 Prognosis
Further Reading
88: Intrapelvic and Retroperitoneal Vascular Lesions
88.1 Generalities and Relevance
88.2 Clinical Presentations
88.3 Paraclinic Features
88.4 Treatment Options
88.5 Outcome and Prognosis
Further Reading
89: Pelvic and Intrapelvic Infections
89.1 Definition and Relevance
89.2 Clinical Presentations
89.3 Imaging Features
89.4 Laboratory Findings
89.5 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
90: Non-discogenic Sciatica in Pregnancy
90.1 Generalities and Relevance
90.2 Clinical Presentations
90.3 Imaging Features
90.4 Treatment Options
Further Reading
91: Sciatic Endometriosis
91.1 Generalities and Relevance
91.2 Clinical Presentations
91.3 Paraclinic Features
91.4 Treatment Options
91.5 Prognosis
Further Reading
92: Sacroiliac Joint Disorders
92.1 Generalities and Relevance
92.2 Clinical Presentations
92.3 Paraclinic Features
92.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
93: Sciatic Hernias
93.1 Generalities and Relevance
93.2 Clinical Presentations
93.3 Paraclinic Features
93.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
Part V: Extraspinal Extrapelvic Sciatica
94: Sciatic Peripheral Neuropathies
94.1 Generalities and Relevance
94.2 Etiologies
94.3 Clinic Presentations
94.4 Paraclinic Features
94.5 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
95: Deep Gluteal Syndrome (Including Piriformis Syndrome)
95.1 Generalities and Relevance
95.2 Clinical Presentations
95.3 Paraclinic Features
95.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
96: Gluteal Intramuscular Injections
96.1 Generalities and Relevance
96.2 Clinical Presentations
96.3 Paraclinic Features
96.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
96.5 Prevention
Further Reading
97: Prolonged Immobilization and Incorrect Positioning
97.1 Generalities and Relevance
97.2 Clinical Presentations
97.3 Paraclinic Features
97.4 Treatment Options
97.5 Prognosis
Further Reading
98: Lower Limb Compartment Syndromes
98.1 Generalities and Relevance
98.2 Clinical Presentations
98.3 Paraclinic Features
98.4 Treatment Options
98.5 Outcomes and Prognosis
Further Reading
99: Traumatic Sciatic Nerve Lesions
99.1 Generalities and Relevance
99.2 Clinical Presentations
99.3 Paraclinic Features
99.4 Treatment Options
99.5 Outcomes and Prognosis
Further Reading
100: Heterotopic Ossification Around the Hip Joint
100.1 Generalities and Relevance
100.2 Clinical Presentations
100.3 Paraclinic Features
100.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
101: Extrapelvic Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissues Tumors
101.1 Generalities and Relevance
101.2 Clinical Presentations
101.3 Paraclinic Features
101.4 Treatment Options
101.5 Prognosis
Further Reading
102: Intrinsic Tumors of the Sciatic Nerve
102.1 Generalities and Relevance
102.2 Clinical Presentations
102.3 Paraclinic Features
102.4 Treatment Options
102.5 Prognosis
Further Reading
103: Extrapelvic Ganglion and Synovial Cysts
103.1 Generalities and Relevance
103.2 Clinical Presentations
103.3 Imaging Features
103.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
104: Extrapelvic Vascular Lesions
104.1 Generalities and Relevance
104.1.1 Persistent Sciatic Artery Aneurysm
104.1.2 Gluteal Artery Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms
104.1.3 Gluteal Venous Varicosities
104.2 Clinical Presentations
104.3 Paraclinic Features
104.4 Treatment Options
104.5 Outcome and Prognosis
Further Reading
105: Extrapelvic Hematomas
105.1 Generalities and Relevance
105.2 Clinical Presentations
105.3 Paraclinic Features
105.4 Treatment Options
105.5 Outcome and Prognosis
Further Reading
106: Common Peroneal Nerve Entrapment
106.1 Generalities and Relevance
106.2 Clinical Presentations
106.3 Paraclinic Features
106.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
107: Herpes Zoster Virus (Shingles) Infection
107.1 Generalities and Relevance
107.2 Clinical Presentations
107.3 Paraclinic Features
107.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
108: Decompression Sickness
108.1 Generalities and Relevance
108.2 Clinical Presentations
108.3 Paraclinic Features
108.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
109: Sciatic Double Crush Syndrome Involving Different Sites
109.1 Generalities and Relevance
109.2 Clinical Presentations
109.3 Paraclinic Features
109.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
110: Phantom Sciatic Pain
110.1 Generalities and Relevance
110.2 Clinical Presentations
110.3 Imaging Features
110.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
111: Intracranial Funicular Sciatica
111.1 Generalities and Relevance
111.2 Clinical Presentations
111.3 Imaging Features
111.4 Treatment Options and Prognosis
Further Reading
Index
