Aspen Plus: Chemical Engineering Applications, 2nd Edition

TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
DEDICATION PAGE
PREFACE
THE BOOK THEME
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
WHAT DO YOU GET OUT OF THIS BOOK?
WHO SHOULD READ THIS BOOK?
NOTES FOR INSTRUCTORS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE
1 INTRODUCING ASPEN PLUS®
WHAT DOES ASPEN STAND FOR?
WHAT IS ASPEN PLUS ® PROCESS SIMULATION MODEL?
LAUNCHING ASPEN PLUS ® V12.1
BEGINNING A SIMULATION
ENTERING COMPONENTS
SPECIFYING THE PROPERTY METHOD
IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROPERTY METHOD ACCURACY
FILE SAVING
EXERCISE 1.1
A GOOD FLOWSHEETING PRACTICE
ASPEN PLUS ® BUILT‐IN HELP
FOR MORE INFORMATION
REFERENCE
2 MORE ON ASPEN PLUS ® FLOWSHEET FEATURES (1)
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
ENTERING AND NAMING COMPOUNDS
BINARY INTERACTIONS
THE “SIMULATION” ENVIRONMENT: ACTIVATION DASHBOARD
PLACING A BLOCK AND MATERIAL STREAM FROM MODEL PALETTE
BLOCK AND STREAM MANIPULATION
DATA INPUT, PROJECT TITLE, AND REPORT OPTIONS
RUNNING THE SIMULATION
THE DIFFERENCE AMONG RECOMMENDED PROPERTY METHODS
NIST/TDE EXPERIMENTAL DATA
ADDING MORE STREAM PROPERTIES
3 MORE ON ASPEN PLUS ® FLOWSHEET FEATURES (2)
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: CONTINUATION TO CHAPTER TWO
THE CLEAN PARAMETERS STEP
SIMULATION RESULTS CONVERGENCE
ADDING STREAM TABLE
PROPERTY SETS
ADDING STREAM CONDITIONS
PRINTING FROM ASPEN PLUS ®
VIEWING THE INPUT SUMMARY
REPORT GENERATION
STREAM PROPERTIES
ADDING A FLASH SEPARATION UNIT
THE REQUIRED INPUT FOR “FLASH3”‐TYPE SEPARATOR
RUNNING THE SIMULATION AND CHECKING THE RESULTS
4 FLASH SEPARATION AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
ADDING A SECOND MIXER AND FLASH
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS STUDY
EXERCISE 4.1 (DESIGN SPEC)
ASPEN PLUS ® DISTILLATION COLUMN OPTIONS
“DSTWU” DISTILLATION COLUMN
“DISTL” DISTILLATION COLUMN
“RADFRAC” DISTILLATION COLUMN
DESIGN AND SPECIFY COLUMN INTERNALS
5 LIQUID–LIQUID EXTRACTION PROCESS
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
THE PROPER SELECTION FOR PROPERTY METHOD FOR EXTRACTION PROCESSES
DEFINING NEW PROPERTY SETS
THE PROPERTY METHOD VALIDATION VERSUS EXPERIMENTAL DATA USING SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
A MULTISTAGE EXTRACTION COLUMN
THE TRIANGLE DIAGRAM
REFERENCES
6 REACTORS WITH SIMPLE REACTION KINETIC FORMS
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
DEFINING REACTION RATE CONSTANT TO ASPEN PLUS ® ENVIRONMENT
ENTERING COMPONENTS AND METHOD OF PROPERTY
THE RIGOROUS PLUG FLOW REACTOR (RPLUG)
REACTOR AND REACTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR RPLUG (PFR)
RUNNING THE SIMULATION (PFR ONLY)
EXERCISE 6.1
COMPRESSOR (CMPRSSR) AND RADFRAC RECTIFYING COLUMN (RECTIF)
RUNNING THE SIMULATION (PFR + CMPRSSR + RECTIF)
EXERCISE 6.2
RADFRAC DISTILLATION COLUMN (DSTL)
RUNNING THE SIMULATION (PFR + CMPRSSR + RECTIF + DSTL)
REACTOR AND REACTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR RCSTR
RUNNING THE SIMULATION (PFR + CMPRSSR + RECTIF + DSTL + RCSTR)
EXERCISE 6.3
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: THE REACTOR’S OPTIMUM OPERATING CONDITIONS
REFERENCES
7 REACTORS WITH COMPLEX (NONCONVENTIONAL) REACTION KINETIC FORMS
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
NONCONVENTIONAL KINETICS: LHHW TYPE REACTION
GENERAL EXPRESSIONS FOR SPECIFYING LHHW‐TYPE REACTION IN ASPEN PLUS ®
THE “DRIVING FORCE” FOR THE NONREVERSIBLE (IRREVERSIBLE) CASE
THE “DRIVING FORCE” FOR THE REVERSIBLE CASE
THE “ADSORPTION EXPRESSION”
THE PROPERTY METHOD: “SRK”
RPLUG FLOWSHEET FOR METHANOL PRODUCTION
ENTERING INPUT PARAMETERS
DEFINING METHANOL PRODUCTION REACTIONS AS LHHW TYPE
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ON SELECTIVITY
REFERENCES
8 PRESSURE DROP, FRICTION FACTOR, NPSHA, AND CAVITATION
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
THE PROPERTY METHOD: “STEAMNBS”
A WATER PUMPING FLOWSHEET
ENTERING PIPE, PUMP, AND FITTINGS SPECIFICATIONS
RESULTS: FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP, THE PUMP WORK, VALVE CHOKING, AND ANPSH VERSUS RNPSH
EXERCISE 8.1
MODEL ANALYSIS TOOLS: SENSITIVITY FOR THE ONSET OF CAVITATION OR VALVE CHOKING CONDITION
REFERENCES
9 THE OPTIMIZATION TOOL
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: DEFINING THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
THE PROPERTY METHOD: “STEAMNBS”
A FLOWSHEET FOR WATER TRANSPORT
ENTERING STREAM, PUMP, AND PIPE SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL ANALYSIS TOOLS: THE OPTIMIZATION TOOL
MODEL ANALYSIS TOOLS: THE SENSITIVITY TOOL
LAST COMMENTS
REFERENCES
10 HEAT EXCHANGER (H.E.) DESIGN
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGER MODELS IN ASPEN PLUS ®
THE SIMPLE HEAT EXCHANGER MODEL (“HEATER”)
THE RIGOROUS HEAT EXCHANGER MODEL (“HEATX”)
THE RIGOROUS EXCHANGER DESIGN AND RATING PROCEDURE
GENERAL FOOTNOTES ON EDR EXCHANGER
REFERENCES
11 ELECTROLYTES
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: WATER DE‐SOURING
WHAT IS AN ELECTROLYTE?
THE PROPERTY METHOD FOR ELECTROLYTES
THE ELECTROLYTE WIZARD
WATER DE‐SOURING PROCESS FLOWSHEET
ENTERING THE SPECIFICATIONS OF FEED STREAMS AND THE STRIPPER
THE SYMMETRIC REFERENCE STATE FOR IONIC COMPONENTS
APPENDIX: DEVELOPMENT OF “ELECNRTL” MODEL
REFERENCES
12 POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES
THE THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
CATALYST TYPES
HIGH‐DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) HIGH‐TEMPERATURE SOLUTION PROCESS
CREATING ASPEN PLUS ® FLOWSHEET FOR HDPE
IMPROVING CONVERGENCE
PRESENTING THE PROPERTY DISTRIBUTION OF POLYMER
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A THE MAIN FEATURES AND ASSUMPTIONS OF ASPEN PLUS ® CHAIN POLYMERIZATION MODEL
APPENDIX B THE NUMBER AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT (MWN) AND WEIGHT AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT (MWW)
13 CHARACTERIZATION OF DRUG‐LIKE MOLECULES AND THEIR SOLUBILITY
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
CREATING ASPEN PLUS ® (AP) PHARMACEUTICAL TEMPLATE
DEFINING MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF BNZMD‐UD
ENTERING PROPERTY DATA
CONTRASTING AP DATABANK (BNZMD‐DB) VERSUS BNZMD‐UD
SOLUBILITY OF DRUGS IN A HYBRID SOLVENT
FINAL NOTES ON DRUG SOLUBILITY
REFERENCES
14 SOLIDS HANDLING
INTRODUCTION
CREATING ASPEN PLUS ® FLOWSHEET
CREATING ASPEN PLUS ® FLOWSHEET
REFERENCES
SOLIDS UNIT OPERATIONS
SOLIDS CLASSIFICATION
PREDEFINED STREAM CLASSIFICATION
SUB-STREAM CLASSES
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION (PSD)
FLUIDIZED BEDS
15 ASPEN PLUS ® DYNAMICS
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
PREPARING ASPEN PLUS ® SIMULATION FOR ASPEN PLUS ® DYNAMICS (APD)
CONVERSION OF ASPEN PLUS ® STEADY STATE INTO DYNAMIC SIMULATION
MODES OF DYNAMIC CSTR HEAT TRANSFER
CREATING THE PRESSURE‐DRIVEN DYNAMIC FILES FOR APD
OPENING A DYNAMIC FILE USING APD
THE “SIMULATION MESSAGES” WINDOW
THE RUNNING MODE: INITIALIZATION
ADDING TEMPERATURE CONTROL (TC)
SNAPSHOTS MANAGEMENT FOR CAPTURED SUCCESSFUL OLD RUNS
THE CONTROLLER FACEPLATE
COMMUNICATION TIME FOR UPDATING/PRESENTING RESULTS
THE CLOSED‐LOOP AUTO‐TUNE VARIATION (ATV) TEST VERSUS OPEN‐LOOP TUNE‐UP TEST
THE OPEN‐LOOP (MANUAL MODE) TUNE‐UP FOR LIQUID‐LEVEL CONTROLLER
THE CLOSED‐LOOP DYNAMIC RESPONSE FOR LIQUID‐LEVEL LOAD DISTURBANCE
THE CLOSED‐LOOP DYNAMIC RESPONSE FOR LIQUID‐LEVEL SET‐POINT DISTURBANCE
ACCOUNTING FOR DEAD/LAG TIME IN PROCESS DYNAMICS
THE CLOSED‐LOOP (AUTO MODE) ATV TEST FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER (TC)
THE CLOSED‐LOOP DYNAMIC RESPONSE: “TC” RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE LOAD DISTURBANCE
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN “LC” AND “TC” CONTROL UNIT
THE STABILITY OF A PROCESS WITHOUT CONTROL
THE CASCADE CONTROL
MONITORING OF VARIABLES AS FUNCTIONS OF TIME
FINAL NOTES ON THE VIRTUAL (DRY) PROCESS CONTROL IN APD
REFERENCES
16 SAFETY AND ENERGY ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
ADDING A PRESSURE SAFETY VALVE (PSV)
ADDING A RUPTURE DISK (RD)
PRESSURE RELIEF
PREPARATION OF FLOWSHEET FOR “ENERGY ANALYSIS” ENVIRONMENT
THE “ENERGY ANALYSIS” ACTIVATION
ASPEN ENERGY ANALYZER
17 ASPEN PROCESS ECONOMIC ANALYZER (APEA)
OPTIMIZED PROCESS FLOWSHEET FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE PRODUCTION
COSTING OPTIONS IN ASPEN PLUS®
ASPEN PROCESS ECONOMIC ANALYZER (APEA) ESTIMATION TEMPLATE
FEED AND PRODUCT STREAM PRICES
THE FIRST ROUTE FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS COSTING
THE SECOND ROUND FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS COSTING
APPENDIX
18 TERM PROJECTS (TP) WITH ADVANCED AP FEATURES
A GENERAL NOTE ON OIL‐WATER SYSTEMS
TP #1: PRODUCTION OF ACETONE VIA THE DEHYDRATION OF ISOPROPANOL
TP #2: PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE FROM METHANOL (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS)
TP #3: PRODUCTION OF DIMETHYL ETHER (PROCESS ECONOMICS AND CONTROL)
PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
TP #4: PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID VIA PARTIAL OXIDATION OF ETHYLENE GAS
TP #5: PYROLYSIS OF BENZENE
TP #6: REUSE OF SPENT SOLVENTS
TP #7: SOLIDS HANDLING: PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM SULFATE FROM SODIUM SULFATE
TP #8: SOLIDS HANDLING: PRODUCTION OF CACO 3 ‐BASED AGGLOMERATE AS A GENERAL ADDITIVE
TP #9: SOLIDS HANDLING: FORMULATION OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM NITRATE BLEND FERTILIZER
TP #10: “FLOWSHEETING OPTIONS” | “CALCULATOR”: GAS DE‐SOURING AND SWEETENING PROCESS
TP #11: USING MORE THAN ONE PROPERTY METHOD AND STREAM CLASS: SOLID‐CATALYZED DIRECT HYDRATION OF PROPYLENE TO ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (IPA)
TP #12: POLYMERIZATION: PRODUCTION OF POLYVINYL ACETATE (PVAC)
TP #13: POLYMERIZATION: EMULSION COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE AND BUTADIENE TO PRODUCE SBR
TP #14: POLYMERIZATION: FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE TO PRODUCE POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE)
TP #15: LHHW KINETICS: PRODUCTION OF CYCLOHEXANONE‐OXIME (CYCHXOXM) VIA CYCLOHEXANONE AMMOXIMATION USING CLAY‐BASED TITANIUM SILICALITE (TS) CATALYST
TP #16: ACRYLIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM PROPYLENE OXIDATION
TP #17: AMMONIA PRODUCTION AT RELATIVELY LOW PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE
TP #18: ACROLEIN PRODUCTION FROM PROPYLENE OXIDATION
19 ASPEN CUSTOM MODELER (ACM)
INTRODUCTION
SETUP PROPERTIES
STARTING ACM
ACM TERMINOLOGY
MODEL CREATION
CREATION OF VARIABLES AND EQUATIONS
COMPILE AND TEST THE MODEL
BUILDING A FLOWSHEET
OPEN SYSTEM: ADD THE COMPONENT MOLE BALANCE
ADD THE ENERGY BALANCE
ADD PORTS
MIXING RULE FOR PORTS/STREAMS
HANDLING SIMULATION DIVERGENCE PROBLEMS
RUNNING ACM MODELS UNDER ASPEN PLUS® (AP) PLATFORM
MASS TRANSFER‐CONTROLLED EVAPORATION RATE
PROCESS DYNAMICS MODEL
ADDING A PLOT FORM
SCRIPTS AND TASKS
OPTIMIZATION
DYNAMIC/STEADY ESTIMATION
REFERENCES
INDEX
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