Architectural Graphics: Volume 2 - Graphics for Knowledge and Production

Preface
Contents
Knowledge
A War Drawing for Visualizing Madrid’s Counter-Façade
1 Looking at the Opposite Side
2 Objectives and Method
3 Visualizing the Counter-Façade
3.1 The Drawing: Who, When and from Where?
3.2 Parallel References
3.3 A Snapshot of the City Outskirts Area and Its Architecture
4 Conclusions: A Graphic Testimony of a City in Transition
References
Convey a Graphical Message. The Political Vision of Architectural Drawing
1 Introduction
2 The Overlapping Cities. Drawing a Nomadic Urbanism
3 Urban Boundaries and Barriers
4 Graphic Actions for Sustainable Urbanism
5 Conclusions
References
Digital Models for Historical Architecture. Cestus Bridge and Fabrician Bridge at Tiber’s Island
1 Introduction and Background
2 Methodology
3 Graphic Analysis Through Diachronic Models
4 The Cestus Bridge
5 The Tiber’s Island Area
6 Conclusion
References
Digital Tools as a Means of Architectural Dissemination. Reconstructing the Architectural History of Colegio San José of Valencia
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Information Gathering
2.2 Interpretation of the Historical Phases
2.3 Delineation of Historical Plans
2.4 Perspective Restitution of Historical Photographs
2.5 3D Modeling of Every Historical Phase
3 Dissemination Strategies
4 Conclusions
References
Dreams of Ruins: Drawing as a Speculative Resource During the Renaissance for Understanding the Architectural Remains of Antiquity
1 Introduction: Background and Development of Representations of Ruins
2 The Renaissance and Early Approaches to the Past Remains
3 Raphael and the Capacity of Ruins for Analogy
4 The Interpretative Current in Renaissance Architectural Drawing
5 Conclusions
References
Expression, Exploration, and Intuition in Nadir Afonso’s Cities
1 Introduction
2 Discussion
2.1 Expression
2.2 Exploration
2.3 Intuition
3 Conclusions
References
Framing, Filling, Linking. The Drawing of Elements for City Description
1 FramingFigurative Content and Images of Cities
2 FillingMap Construction for Elements and Shapes
3 LinkingNo-Stop-Elements. Dynamics of Representation of the City
References
From Historical and Theoretical Analysis of Representation and Geometry to Topology for Structural Optimization
1 Introduction
2 Historical/Theoretical Investigation of Geometry to “Scientificize” the Representation Systems
3 Topology: Properties of Shapes/Relations of Things
4 Searching for Optimum Design
References
From Image to Investigation 3D Reconstruction with Perspective Restitution
1 Introduction
1.1 3D Reconstruction from Photos
1.2 Related Papers
2 The Case Study
3 Proposed Methodology
3.1 Survey
3.2 Perspective Restitution
4 Conclusion
References
From the “Sacred Theatres” of Andrea Pozzo to the International Truncated Calotte: History and Representation of the Immacolatella Church’s Tribune in Trapani (1732)
1 Introduction
2 The Project: Combinations of Experiences, Sources, and Research
3 Survey and Analysis
References
Geometric and Formal Characterization of the Church of Santa María de Tobed
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Results
3 Conclusions
References
Geometry and Rectangular Ratios: Serlio’sVillas in the Vienna Manuscript and Book VII
1 Introduction
2 Book VII in the Treatise Plan and the Vienna Manuscript
3 Drawing’s Techniques and Graphic Standards in the Vienna Manuscript and Book VII
4 Analysis of Villa Plans in the Vienna Manuscript and Book VII: Methodological Framework
5 Case Studies: Comparative Interpretation
6 Conclusion
References
Girard Desargues and Geometry Applied to the Arts
1 Introduction
2 Applied Arts in Desagues’ Work
3 About Perspective
4 About Stereotomy
5 About Gnomonics
6 Conclusions
References
Gregorian Echoes: Neumatic Notation as a Possible Graphic Inspiration for the Architecture of Xenakis
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
3 Deciphering the Principles of Neumatic Notation to Decode a Graphic Transfer
4 Graphic Documents for a Conceptual Transfer
5 An Elevation as a Trace of Habits
6 Conclusions
References
History, Iconography and Digital Drawing for Architectural Heritage: The Case Study of the Church of S. Nicolò Alla Kalsa in Palermo (Sicily)
1 Reconstructing the History of a Disappeared Monument, Between Clues and Riddles
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Notes on the History of the Church of S. Nicolò Alla Kalsa and Its Configuration
2 The Iconographic Sources Analysis
3 The 3D Model: A Tool for Verification and Graphic Restitution
4 Conclusions
References
Immersion in Virtual Reality for Studying Architectural Perspectives
1 Introduction
2 The Architectural Perspective-Viewer Relationship
3 Architectural and Geometric Interpretations of a Quadratura
4 Virtual Reality Experimentation with Restricted Points of View
5 Conclusion
References
“Veue de la ville de Boze”. A Seventeenth-Century View to Analyse the Transformations of the Landscape of the City of Bosa (Sardinia, Italy)
1 Reading and Representing the Transformations of the Landscape of Sardinia
2 The “Veue de la ville de Boze”
3 Analysis of the Map
4 Conclusions
References
Light and Architecture: Mannerist Devices in the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
1 Introduction
1.1 State of the Art
2 Hypotheses and Objectives
3 Methodology
4 Main Findings
5 Conclusions
References
Line Atop Line. Images of Architecture in Illustrated Periodicals from the Early 1800s in Italy
1 Introduction
2 The Magazzino Pittorico Universale
3 Architecture in the Second Italian Periodical
4 Other New Illustrations
5 Conclusions
References
Madrid and the Board of Houses of the Navy. Four Projects for Spain in the 1940s
1 Introduction and Methodology Applied to the Research
2 The Architects. José Fonseca y Llanedo, Manuel Ruiz de la Prada, José Gómez Mesa and José María Rodríguez Cano
3 The Board of Houses of the Navy
4 The Promotions of the Board in the Salamanca District
4.1 Don Ramón De La CruzStreet
4.2 Eduardo AunósStreet
4.3 Marqués de MondéjarStreet
4.4 Cartagena, Francisco SilvelaStreets and Los TorerosAvenue
5 Conclusions
References
Military Engineers and the Use of Cartography in the Urban Representation of the Spanish Florida. The City of Saint Augustine (1565–1788)
1 Summary
2 The Cartographies of the First Spanish Colonial Period (1565–1763): The Early Cartographies
3 The Spanish Cartographies that Outlined the Transfer Process to Sovereignty 1763
4 The Cartography of the Period of British Sovereignty 1763–1783
5 Cartographies of the Second Spanish Colonial Period 1783–1821
6 Conclusions
References
Musing on the Restoration of the Arch of Titus, Given Its 200thAnniversary: Comments on Some Outstanding Drawings
1 Background and Method
2 The Ruin, Between Vedutism and Formal Survey
3 Isolation and Reconstruction
4 A Critical—and “didactic”—Graphic Experiment
5 Conclusions
References
On the Drawings and Travel Notebooks of Guillermo Vázquez Consuegra
1 Introduction and Context
2 Theoretical Framework of the Research and Justification of the Scientific Contribution
3 Travel Drawings as a Record of Learned Complexity and Diversity
4 Drawing, Project, Idea, and Reality in Vázquez Consuegra’s Production
5 Conclusions
References
Recovery of Modern Colombian Architecture by Means of Architectural Archive Discovery: The Case of Architect Miguel Farah Zakzuk
1 Introduction
2 Discussion
2.1 Architecture Archives
2.2 Modernism in Latin America and Colombia
2.3 Modern Architecture in the Colombian Caribbean Region
2.4 Architect Miguel Farah Zakzuk
3 Material and Methods
4 Conclusion
References
Recycling Models and Drawings: Two Projects by Frank Lloyd Wright, 1944
1 The Pergola House
2 The Glass House
3 Conclusions
References
Speer: Drawing the Future of the Past
1 Introduction
2 A Fascination with Ruins
3 The Graphical Representation of Ruins
4 The Real Ruins of Horror
5 Speer and the Modern Movement
6 Conclusions
References
The Analysis of Architectural Heritage Through Graphic Documents: The Archaeological Site of Italica (Seville, Spain) - From the 16th to the 21st Century
1 Introduction
2 Reconstruction of the Graphic Heritage of Itálica
2.1 Selection of Documents to Obtain a Representative Sample
2.2 Data Included for Analysis
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
The Design of the Renaissance Cloister of the Cathedral of Zamora
References
The Evolution of the Castle of Peracense. An Example of Sequential Development of Southern Europe Strongholds
1 Introduction
2 Methodology of the Research
3 Historical and Geographical Analysis. The Origin of the Castle of Peracense
4 The Time of the Albarracin Estate
5 The Time of the Kingdom of Aragon
5.1 The Inner Precinct
5.2 Intermediate and Outer Precinct
6 The Carlist Wars and the Restoration of the Twentieth Century
7 The Restorations of the Twenty-First Century
8 Conclusions
References
The Fragmentation of Perspective in the Evolution from Architectural to Landscape Garden
1 Introduction
2 Research Focus
3 The Royal Park of Versailles
4 The Fragmentation of Perspective
5 Conclusions
References
The Graphic Analysis of the Primitive Convent of the Commendatory Mothers of St. John in Zamora
1 Introduction
2 The Arrival of the Orden in the City of Zamora
3 The Construction of a Convent in Zamora
4 Its Battered Life and Its Closure
5 Preserved Graphic Testimonies
6 Conclusions
References
The Plan Traces of Some Valencian Starred Cross Vaults
1 Introduction
2 The Plan Traces of Starred Cross Vaults
2.1 The Importance of Geometry
2.2 The Starred Vault of La Lonja de ValenciaChapel
2.3 The Starred Vault of the Chapterhouse in the Monastery of Santa María de la Valldigna(Valencia, Spain)
2.4 Other Starred Vaults that have been Studied
3 Conclusions
References
The Slab of Perugia: Graphic Virtualization for the Enhancement of Cultural Heritage
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art and First Critical Deductions
2.1 Analysis of Measurements
2.2 Distribution and Functionality of the Environments
3 Reconstruction Hypothesis Theoretical Problem
3.1 The Contents of the Model: Guiding Criteria
4 Informative Modelling of the Monumental Complex
5 Results Achieved and in Progress
References
Production
Anni Albers: Graphic Processes and Creative Thinking
1 Introduction
2 Artistic Production and Creative Thinking
2.1 Bauhaus Teaching: Creative Processes in Textile Production
2.2 Graphic Production: From Douat Permutations to Lattices
2.3 Textile and Graphic Design: Conception and Perception
3 Conclusions
References
Architectural Graphic Cognition Processes in Sheltered Housing Spaces for People with Intellectual Disabilities
1 Introduction
1.1 Society and Perception
1.2 Architectural Cognition Strategies
2 Sheltered Homes
2.1 Specific Tests
2.2 Trial 1. Graphic Process Sheltered Housing “Las Fuentes”
2.3 Trial 2. Graphic Process Sheltered Housing “CEDES”
3 Results (Actual Resulting Images)
3.1 Las Fuentes
3.2 CEDES
3.3 Users
4 Conclusions
References
Digital Adaptation of the »Hypercubic Glass«: Translation of the Design Principles by Student Seminars
1 Introduction
2 The Emergence of the Hypercubic Glass as a Synthesis of Art and Architecture in Spain During the 1960s
2.1 The Architect
2.2 The Influence of Salvador Dalí
3 The Process of Reinterpretation
3.1 Theoretical Basics of the Hypercubic Glass
3.2 Working Model I
4 Structural Analysis and Dimensioning of the Design
4.1 Basic Information
4.2 Structural and Geometrical Analysis of the Substructure
4.3 Structural and Geometrical Analysis of the Nodes
5 Working Model II
6 Summary and Outlook
References
From Geospatial Data to HBIM of Romanic Churches in Sardinia: Modelling, Check and Validation
1 Introduction
2 State of Art
3 From Geospatial Data to HBIM Model
3.1 Survey and Early Data Processing
3.2 Modelling, Check and Validation Process
4 H-BIM of Romanesque Churches in Sardinia
5 Conclusion
References
Graphic Innovation in Jesuit Heritage of Córdoba de la Nueva Andalucía. From Tradition to CAD, HBIM & AR
1 Introduction and Background
2 Objectives and Hypothesis
3 Research Context and Methodology
4 Heritage Research and Graphic Technologies
5 Discussion and Results
6 Conclusions
References
How the Approach of Digital Tools in Architecture Has Developed: The Case of Creative Programming
1 Background: From the Whyto the How
1.1 Theoretical Grounds and Basic Technical Development: 1955–1965
1.2 Man-Machine in Conversation
1.3 The Discourse Mutates
1.4 Does Form Follow Software?
2 Turning Point
2.1 From the 2008 Crisis to the Present Day
2.2 Incubation of the Open-Source Community
3 Creative Programming Language as Open-Source Tools
3.1 Processing: A Creative Programming Language
3.2 What it’s All About and What it Teaches
3.3 Current Teaching Experiments
4 Conclusions: Empowerment Alternatives to Flee the Swarm
References
Management and Dissemination for Dismissed Religious Architecture. An Approach Fusing HBIM and Gamification
1 Introduction
2 Methodological and Operational Notes for Augmented Fruition
3 Gaming-HBIM Multi-scalar Model for Knowledge, Management and Virtual Fruition
4 Conclusions and Future Developments
References
Spatial Perception Assessment in Immersive Virtual Environments. A Methodological Approach
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Methodological Proposal
4 Conclusions
References
Vegetation Information Modeling (VIM). The Tree as the Main Element in the Construction Process of Landscape Architecture
1 Introduction
2 Vegetation as a Construction Element
3 The Need for a Constructive Language of Vegetation
3.1 The Language of Vegetation in Representation
4 Information Modeling for Landscape
4.1 VIM (Vegetation Information Modeling)
5 Phases of Integration Information in a VIM Project
6 Conclusion
References
Author Index