Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: For Nutrient, Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Rice

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 History, Diversity, and Community Dynamics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Rice Ecosystem
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Historical Evidence
1.2.1 The Discovery Period of AMF (1845–1974)
1.2.2 The Alpha Taxonomy Period of AMF (1975–1989)
1.2.3 The Cladistics Period of AMF (1990–2000)
1.2.4 The Phylogenetic Synthesis Period of AMF (2001-Present Times)
1.3 Diversity
1.4 Community Dynamics
1.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Metagenomics to Explore Mycorrhizal Diversity in Rice Ecosystem
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Metagenomics and the AMF Community
2.3 Genomic DNA Extraction and Purification of Rice Rhizosphere
2.3.1 Indirect Method
2.3.2 Direct Method
2.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 3 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: For Nutrient Management in Rice
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Recent Advances in the Nutrient Management Abilities of AMF
3.3 Role of AMF in Soil Physical Properties
3.4 Identification of AMF-Specific Phosphate Transporters
3.5 Involvement of AMF in Soil Nitrogen Availability
3.6 Involvement of AMF in Soil-Biological Properties
3.7 Advantages of AMF for Sustainable Agriculture
3.8 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Chapter 4 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Sustainable Approach for Enhancing Phosphorous and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice Cultivation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Agriculture Inputs Affect the Mycorrhizal Phosphate Uptake Pathway
4.3 Patterns Behind AMF Contribution to Plant's Phosphate Uptake
4.4 AMF-Mediated Nitrogen Translocation Into Plants
4.5 AMF Implications in Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants
4.6 Rice-AMF Association Affects N and P Uptake
4.7 Directing the Next Research Panel to AMF-Rice Signaling Pathways
4.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and their Role in Plant Growth Promotion in Rice
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Role in Plant Growth Promotion in Rice
5.2.1 The Role of AMF in Nutrient Management
5.2.2 The Role of AMF as a Biocontrol Agent
5.2.3 The Role of AMF in Rice Drought Stress Management
5.3 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 6 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Strigolactone: Role, Application, and Effects of Synthetic Strigolactone in Plant Growth Promotion
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Branching Factors to Strigolactones
6.3 Mechanism of Action of Strigolactones
6.4 Importance of Synthetic Strigolactones
6.5 Structural Features of Strigolactones for Biological Activities
6.6 Synthetic Strigolactones and Their Application
6.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective
Authors' Contributions
Conflict of Interest
References
Chapter 7 The Beneficial Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Associated Bacteria for Plant Growth Promotion and Nutrient Management in Rice Cultivation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 An Insight of Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi – Rice Symbiosis in Stress Alleviation
8.1 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)
8.2 Response of Plant Under Stress Condition
8.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and its Role in Rice Production Under Drought Stress
9.1 Introduction
9.2 AMF: Overview with Hierarchical Position
9.3 AMF on Drought Tolerance in Rice
9.3.1 Plant-Water Retention
9.3.2 Osmotic Balance
9.3.3 Generation of Antioxidants
9.3.4 Photosynthetic Behavior
9.4 Mechanisms of Drought Tolerance
9.5 Conclusion and Futures
References
Chapter 10 Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and its Role in Rice Production Under Salinity Stress
10.1 Introduction
10.2 AMF and their Association with Rice
10.3 AMF and Salinity Stress in Rice
10.4 AMF-Assisted Mechanisms to Overcome Salinity Stress
10.5 Conclusion and Future Outlook
Authors' Contributions
References
Chapter 11 Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Alleviation of Heavy Metal Stress in Rice
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Immobilization of Metal in the Mycorrhizosphere
11.3 Accumulation of Metal in Fungal Structures
11.4 Importance of Mycorrhiza in Stress Tolerance of Rice Under Heavy Metal Toxicity
11.5 Mitigation of Metal-Elicited Oxidative Stress by Mycorrhization
11.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Association and their Activation of Defense Response to Plant Protection
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Activation of Plant Defense by Mycorrhiza
12.1.2 Phenolic Compounds
12.1.3 Phosphorous and Carbon
12.1.4 Abiotic Stress
12.1.5 Enzymatic Responses
12.1.6 Molecular Responses
12.1.7 Signaling Responses
12.2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Sustainable Rice Production
12.2.1 Phosphorous and AMF
12.2.2 AMF and Disease Resistance
12.2.3 Plant Growth-Regulating Substances by the AMF
12.2.4 AMF and Nutrient Management
References
Chapter 13 Management of Rice Phytopathogens Through Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Molecular Interactions of AMF and Rice Plants
13.3 AMF Mechanisms in Biotic Stress Management
13.4 Significance of AMF in the Management of Rice Diseases
13.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Rice Insect and Nematode Management
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Mechanism of Interaction Between AMF and Insect
14.3 Mechanism of Interaction Between AMF and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes
14.4 Effects of AMF Inoculation on Plant Defense
14.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Associated Bacteria and their Role in Plant Protection in Rice Cultivation
15.1 Introduction
15.2 AMF-Associated Bacterial Community in Rice Mycorrhizosphere
15.2.1 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
15.2.2 Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria
15.2.3 Endobacteria
15.2.4 Deleterious Bacteria
15.3 Mechanisms Involved in Rice Health Management by AMF-Associated Bacteria
15.4 Concluding Observations
References
Chapter 16 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and their Association for Bioremediation in Rice Cultivation
16.1 Introduction
16.2 AMF-Mediated Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils
16.3 Heavy Metal Toxicity and Rice Soil
16.3.1 Effects of Arsenic Toxicity on Soil and Rice Plant
16.3.1.1 Arsenic Toxicity and its Effect on Humans
16.3.1.2 AMF-Mediated Bioremediation of Arsenic
16.3.2 Lead (Pb) Toxicity and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
16.3.3 Iron (Fe) Concentration and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
16.3.4 Copper (Cu) Toxicity and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
16.4 Conclusion and Future Prospective
References
Chapter 17 AM Fungi Interactions in Rice Seedling Production
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis in Rice Plants
17.3 Role of AM Fungi for Sustainable Management in Rice Seedling Production
17.4 AMF-Induced Resistance in Rice
17.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 AM Fungi Role in Soil Health Management
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Impact of AMF on Soil Physical Properties
18.2.1 Soil Structure
18.3 Role of AMF on Soil Chemical Properties
18.3.1 Soil Phosphorous
18.3.2 Soil Nitrogen
18.3.3 Soil Carbon Cycle and Sequestration
18.4 Involvement of AMF in Soil Trace Element Transmission
18.5 Impact of Crop Management on AMF
18.6 Impression of Soil Managing Exercise on AMF
18.7 Contribution of AMF in the Phytochemical of Polluted Soil
18.8 Conclusion and Future Perspective
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19 OMICS Sciences for Deciphering Plant–Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
19.3 Colonization Process and Pre-Symbiotic Signaling
19.4 Mycorrhizal Interaction
19.5 OMICS Study of Symbiosis
19.5.1 Genomics Study of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
19.5.2 Transcriptomics for the Phosphate Uptake
19.5.3 Proteomic Study of the Symbiosis
19.5.4 Metabolomics
19.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20 AM Fungi: Mass Production, Quality Control, and Application
20.1 Introduction: Background
20.2 Mass Production of AM Fungi
20.2.1 Substrate-Based Production Systems
20.2.2 Substrate-Free Production Systems
20.2.2.1 The Nutrient Flow Technique
20.2.2.2 Aeroponics
20.2.3 In Vitro Production Systems
20.3 Quality Control of AM Fungi
20.3.1 Laboratory Quality Control
20.3.2 Preparation Room Quality Control
20.3.3 Growth Room Quality Control
20.3.4 Storage Room Quality Control
20.3.5 Inoculum Composition and Viability
20.3.6 Carrier Materials
20.3.7 Package and Labeling
20.3.8 Quality Control: Bioassay
20.4 Application of AM Fungi
20.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21 AM Fungi Production Upscaling, Government Regulations, Marketing, and Commercialization
21.1 Introduction
21.2 From Plant Symbionts to Bio-Inoculants
21.3 Upscaling the Application of AMF in Agriculture
21.3.1 Agricultural and Horticultural Production
21.3.2 Large Agricultural Scale Application of AMF
21.4 Commercial Use of AM Fungi
21.5 Government Regulation and Quality Control of Commercial AMF-Based Products
21.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22 Rice Seed Priming with AMF and AMF-Associated Bacteria for Crop Enhancement
22.1 Introduction: Background and Rationale
22.2 AMF and AMF-Associated Bacteria
22.3 Role of AMF and AMF-Associated Bacteria in Nutrients Uptake and Plant Growth
22.4 AMF and AMF-Associated Bacteria Role in Plant Stress Tolerance
22.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 23 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Control of Fungal Diseases in Rice
23.1 Introduction
23.2 AMF as Biological Control Agents
23.3 Fungal Diseases of Rice
23.4 AMFs as BCAs of Fungal Pathogens on Rice
23.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 24 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Role in Bioremediation in Rice in the Context of Climate Change
24.1 Heavy Metal Pollution in the Rice Ecosystem
24.2 Heavy Metals Accumulation in Rice Organs and Translocation to the Grain
24.3 Role of AMF for Heavy Metal Tolerance in Rice
24.3.1 Arsenic
24.3.2 Cadmium
24.4 Viability of Using AMF in Rice Under Heavy Metal Soils
24.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25 Rice–Mycorrhizal Interaction Enhances the Biocontrol Efficiency Through Integrated Approaches
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Rice Production and Biotic Stressors
25.3 AMF-Integrated Approach for the Biocontrol of Rice Pathogens
25.3.1 Specific Symbiosis Between AMF and their Host Plants
25.3.2 AMF Responses to Rice Pathogens and Biocontrol Effect
25.4 Performance of AMF in Stress Alleviation and Nutrient Deficiency
25.5 Conclusion
References
Index