Applied Principles of Hydrology

Title Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: The Water Cycle
Earth-The Blue Planet
The Water Cycle
Water in Motion
Review Questions
Chapter 2: The Structure and
Properties of Water
Molecular Structure of Water
The Hydrogen Bond
Properties of Water
Thermal Properties
Viscosity
Compressibility
Surface Tension
Capillarity
Water as a Solvent
Electrical Properties
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 3: Water in the Air: Evaporation and Condensation
Evaporation
The Process of Evaporation
Measuring Evaporation
Estimating Evaporation from Weather Data
Practical Importance of Evaporation Data
Condensation
The Process of Condensation
Measurement of Condensation
Applications
Suppressing Evaporation to Reduce Water Loss
Disposal of Wastewater by Evaporation
Evaporative Cooling of Industrial Process Water
Review Questions
Investigations
Chapter 4: Precipitation
The Process of Precipitation
Forms of Precipitation
Types of Precipitation
Measurement of Precipitation
Precipitation Patterns in Space and Time
Interpretation and Analysis of Precipitation Data
Snow
Measuring Snow to Predict Runoff
Interception
Applications
Weather Modification
Cloud Seeding in Practice
Environmental Effects of Weather Modification
Summary
Review Questions
Investigations
Chapter 5: Infiltration and Soil Water
Infiltration
What is Soil?
Zones of Subsurface Water
The Process of Infiltration
Soil Water
Soil as a Porous Medium
Soil Water in Storage
Soil Water in Motion
Applications
Irrigation
Groundwater Recharge
Gold Recovery by Heap Leaching
Review Questions
Investigations
Chapter 6: Evapotranspiration
The Process of Transpiration
Osmosis--a Process of Selective Diffusion
Measuring Evapotranspiration
Basin Water Balance
Lysimeter Method
Neutron Probe Method
Estimation of Evapotranspiration for a Growing Crop
Potential Evapotranspiration
Effect of Evapotranspiration on Water Supply
Changes in Runoff
Changes in Groundwater Storage
Phreatophytes--Water Thieves of the Desert
Common Phreatophytes
Applications
Evapotranspiration as a Method for Waste Disposal
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 7: Groundwater
The Groundwater Reservoir
Areas of Natural Recharge and Discharge
Aquifers
Geology of Aquifers
Confined and Unconfined Aquifers
The Function of Aquifers in the Water Cycle
Aquifers as Reservoirs: Groundwater in Storage
Storage in Unconfined Aquifers
Storage in Confined Aquifers
Storage in Relation to Geology
Interpretation of Water Levels in a California Reservoir
Declining Water Levels and Storage Reduction
Water Level Contour Map
Groundwater Hydrograph
Water Level Profile
Rising Water Levels--an Increase in Storage
Aquifers as Conduits--Groundwater in Motion
The Concept of Permeability
Groundwater Discharge Through Wells
Applications
The Dakota Artesian Basin
The Great Artesian Basin
Why Do Artesian Wells Flow?
Storing Surplus Water Underground
Review Questions
Investigations
Chapter 8: Runoff
The Runoff Cycle
Factors Affecting Runoff
Climate
Physical Characteristics of the Drainage Basin
Land Use: Human Alterations of the Environment
Measurement of Runoff
Measuring Streamflow
The Stream Hydrograph
The Stream Channel and Its Floodplain
The Channel
The Floodplain
Floods
Flood Control
Applications
The Colorado River Basin
Review Questions
Investigations
Chapter 9: Chemical Quality of Natural Water
What Is Salinity?
When Is Water Saline?
Dissolved Solids
Major Constituents
Minor Constituents in Sea Water
Global Circulation of Dissolved Solids
Salt in the Oceans
Salt in the Atmosphere
Salt in Surface Water
Salt in Groundwater
How Quality Affects Use
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
Hardness
Minor Constituents in Surface and Underground Waters
Applications
Extracting Minerals from Natural Waters
Reclaiming Waste Water for Drinking
Water Reclaimation at Windhoek, Namibia
Review Questions
Investigations
Chapter 10: The Water Cycle and Man
The Beginning of Western Civilization
The Egyptians and Mesopotamians
The Greeks and Romans
The Middle Ages
Modern Times--The Age of Science
Water Problems--Ancient and Modern
Salinization of Agricultural Soils
Sediment in Reservoirs
The Myth of Flood Control
Conclusion
Review Questions
Appendix I: Map of California Showing Locations of Examples Discussed in Text
Appendix II: Moving Averages
Appendix III: Sources of Hydrologic Data
Appendix IV: References
Index