Water is the most vital substance in every aspect of life, and its contamination because of the activity of mankind poses a big global challenge. Addressing this issue for drinking purposes and environmental protection is the current big issue. Many research groups worldwide have been working on effective treatment technologies based on nanomaterials during the last two decades. Water and wastewater treatment by nanomaterial-based technologies has become an aid in finding possible solutions for contaminated wastewater released from various water sources. Nanoscale materials can be seen to take on unique and unpredictable properties that make them more robust, flexible, lighter, and faster, and the particular material used for the development of devices and systems.
Features
• This book presents the use of different advanced nanomaterials to treat water and wastewater.
• The uses of carbon-based nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and biopolymer-supported nanomaterials for water treatment are explored, focusing on new- generation materials.
• Water purification methods such as the disinfection of water using green synthesized nanomaterials, adsorption through nanomaterial-based adsorbents, and nanofiltration techniques are discussed. We emphasize efficient water treatment methods and the use of new emerging nanomaterials in the toxicological study of nanomaterials.
Nanomaterials provide high-performance and cost-effective treatment for water treatment. Various nanomaterials and electrochemical methods are used to stop, remove, or neutralize water harmful organic and inorganic contaminants in water through adsorption, filtration, and disinfection.
Author(s): Dinesh Kumar, Meena Nemiwal
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 217
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
About the Editors
Contributors
Abbreviations
1 Introduction
Nanomaterials and Their Role in Water Treatment
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification of Nanomaterials
1.2.1 Classification of Nanomaterials Based On Particle Dimensions
1.2.2 Classification of Nanomaterials Based On Pore Dimensions
1.2.3 Classification of Nanomaterials Based On Construction
1.3 Nanomaterials for Water Remediation
1.3.1 Zero-Valent Metal NPs
1.3.1.1 Silver Nanoparticles
1.3.1.2 Iron Nanoparticles
1.3.2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
1.3.2.1 TiO2 Nanoparticles
1.3.2.2 ZnO Nanoparticles
1.3.2.3 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
1.3.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
1.3.4 Nanocomposites
1.4 Water Treatment Methodologies
1.4.1 Nanophotocatalysts
1.4.2 Nanomembranes
1.4.3 Nanosorbents
1.5 Conclusion
REFERENCES
2 Advanced Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Treatment of Water
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Application of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Water Treatment
2.3 The Application of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Water Treatment
2.4 The Application of Carbon Nanotube Composites
2.5 Graphene Oxide-Based Composites In Water Treatment
2.6 Conclusion
References
3 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Water Treatment
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 The Chemistry of MOFs
3.1.2 Types of MOF
3.2 Water Contamination
3.2.1 The Use of MOFs for Water Remediation
3.2.2 The Removal of Inorganic Pollutants
3.2.3 Removal of Organic Pollutants
3.2.4 The Removal of Dyes
3.3 MOF Based Materials for Water Treatment
3.3.1 MOF Based Aerogel/Hydrogel
3.3.2 MOF Derived Carbon Material
3.3.3 Hydrophobic MOFs and Their Composites
3.3.4 Magnetic Framework Composites
3.4 Conclusion
References
4 Biopolymers Supported Nanomaterials for Water Treatment
References
5 Disinfection of Water By Eco-Friendly Nanomaterials
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Water
5.3 Environmental-Friendly Nanomaterials
5.4 Plant-Based Materials for the Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide NPs
5.5 Microbes for the Synthesis of Metal Nps
5.6 Biopolymer-Based Nanomaterials
5.7 The Mechanism of Disinfection By Ecofriendly Nanomaterials
5.7.1 Disinfection By Plant-Based NPs
5.8 Conclusion
REFERENCES
6 Advance Nanomaterials-Based Adsorbents for Removal and Recovery of Metals From Water
6.1 Heavy Metals: Sources and Environmental Effects
6.2 Nanomaterials
6.2.1 Organic Nanomaterials
6.2.2 Inorganic Nanomaterials
6.3 Nanomaterial Based Environmental Remediation Technologies
6.4 Nanofiltration
6.5 Nanomaterial Based Coagulation/Flocculation
6.6 Nanomaterial Based Adsorption
6.7 Diverse Types of Nanoadsorbents Used in Heavy Metal Remediation
6.7.1 Carbon-Based Nano Adsorbents
6.7.2 Metal-Based and Metal Oxide-Based Nanoadsorbents
6.7.3 Silica-Based Nano Adsorbents
6.7.4 Nanocomposite Adsorbents
6.8 Mechanisms of Adsorption
6.9 Environmental Factors Affecting Heavy Metal Removal From Nanomaterial
6.9.1 Effect of the PH of the Medium
6.9.2 Effect of Temperature of the Medium
6.9.3 Effect of the Presence of Impurities
6.9.4 Effect of Membrane Roughness
6.9.5 Effect of the Concentration/Dosage of the Adsorbent
6.9.6 The Effect of the Contact Time
6.10 Future Perspectives in Nanomaterial-Based Heavy Metal Adsorption
References
7 Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants By Using Efficient Nanomaterials
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Degradation Mechanism of Organic Pollutants With Photocatalytic Nanomaterials
7.3 Synthesis Methods for Photocatalytic Nanomaterials
7.3.1 Synthesis of Photo Nanocatalyst Using Ball Milling
7.3.2 Synthesis of Photo Nanocatalyst Using Sol-Gel
7.3.3 Synthesis of Photo Nanocatalysts Using an Impregnation Method
7.3.4 Synthesis of Photo Nanocatalysts Using Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Processes
7.3.5 Synthesis of Photo Nanocatalysts Using a Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (CVD)
7.4 Photo Nanocatalyst Materials
7.4.1 ZnO Based Photo Nanocatalyst
7.4.2 TiO2 Based Photo Nanocatalyst
7.4.3 Carbonaceous Based Photo Nanocatalyst
7.4.4 Metal-Organic Framework Based Photo Nanocatalyst
7.4.5 Doping and Co-Doping of Metals in Semiconductor Frameworks
7.4.6 Iron-Based Photo Nanocatalyst
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Recent Development in Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Purification
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification
8.2.1 Polymeric Nanofiltration Membranes
8.2.2 Ceramic Nanofiltration Membranes
8.2.2.1 Metal Oxide Nanofiltration Membranes
8.2.2.2 Carbon-Based Nanofiltration Membranes
8.2.3 Mixed Matrix Nanofiltration Membranes
8.3 Conclusion
References
9 Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Treatment of Pollutants in Water
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Detection of Nutrients and Phenolic Compounds
9.2.1 Detection of Nitrates
9.2.2 Detection of Phosphates
9.2.3 Detection of Phenolic Compounds
9.3 Detection of Heavy Metal (HMs)
9.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes
9.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes/Gold Nanoparticles
9.3.3 Bismuth Nanoparticles
9.3.4 Iron Oxides
9.4 Detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand
9.4.1 Copper Nanoparticles
9.4.2 Graphene Oxide (GO)/Copper Nanoparticles
9.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES
10 Nanotoxicology and Challenges of Using Nanomaterials for Water Treatment
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Water and Waste Water Treatment Using Nanomaterials
10.2.1 Zero-Valent Metal Nanoparticles
10.2.1.1 AgNPs
10.2.1.2 FeNPs
10.2.1.3 ZnNPs
10.2.2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
10.2.3 TiO2 Nanoparticles
10.2.4 ZnO Nanoparticles
10.2.5 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
10.2.6 Carbon Nanotubes
10.2.7 Nanocomposites
10.2.8 Polymer-Based Nanoadsorbents
10.3 Nanomaterial Toxicity
10.4 Nanomaterial Alteration Hazard in Water
10.4.1 Water Pollution
10.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Index
