Andean Structural Styles: A Seismic Atlas

Andean Structural Styles
Copyright
Dedication
In memoriam
Dr. Augusto Gansser (1910-2012)
Preface
References
Acknowledgments
1. Tectonic inheritance and structural styles in the Andean fold-thrust belt and foreland basin
Introduction
Tectonic framework
Modern configuration
Orogenic history
Time-space variability
Rationale: tectonic inheritance
Structural inheritance
Stratigraphic inheritance
Rheological inheritance
Thermal inheritance
Andean structural styles
Décollement-style fold-thrust systems
Basement-involved block uplifts
Inversion of pre-Andean basins
Inversion of Andean extensional basins
Backthrust belts
Salt-involved belts
Summary and discussion
Different modes of tectonic inheritance
Tectonic drivers and controls
Acknowledgments
References
2. Seismic imaging in fold-and-thrust belts
Introduction
Seismic signal processing
Seismic imaging
Prestack time migration
Prestack depth migration
Velocity model interpretation
Reverse time migration
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
3. Analogue modeling as a tool to assist seismic structural interpretation in the Andean fold-and-thrust belt
Introduction
Structural styles of the Andean Cordillera simulated by analogue modeling
Salt-bearing thrust wedges and multidetachment systems
Inversion tectonics
Strike-slip (strain partitioning in oblique convergence and related strike-slip faults)
Tectonic-sediment interaction (role of syntectonic sedimentation)
Closing remarks
Acknowledgments
References
4. Folding of a weak boundary zone between an axial zone and a frontal belt, Chicamocha Valley, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Introduction: the geology of the northern part of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Methods
Results
Structural framework and regional cross section
Folds of the Rio Nevado sections
Growth and decay of the folds involved in the Rio Nevado Anticlinorium
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
5. Natural examples of regional-scale structures from the southern Central Andes and Patagonian Andes
Introduction
Thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts
Thick-skinned fold-and-thrust belts
Regional-scale folds: insights into hybrid thick- and thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts
Active thrust front
Superimposed structures from different deformational phases
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
6. Outcrop-scale natural examples of structures from the southern Central Andes
Introduction
Outcrop-scale fault systems
Outcrop-scale folds
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
7. Thrust sequence in the Sinú Fold Belt (South Caribbean Deformed Belt), offshore northwestern Colombia
Introduction
Tectonosedimentary sequences
Thrusts and folds
Normal faults
Thrust timing
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
8. Relationships between normal faulting, mud diapirism and thrusting in the trailing part of the Sinú Fold Belt (South ...
Introduction
Normal faults
Reverse reactivation of normal faults and fault inactivity
Mud diapirs
Thrusts and related folds
Pliocene-Quaternary structural evolution
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
9. Strike-slip fault zone in an oblique convergent margin: Bahia Basin, Caribbean margin of northern Colombia
Introduction
Seismic interpretation: time slices and profile seismic sections
Structural interpretation: right-lateral, vertical-axis block rotation and opening of a relay zone
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
10. Structural styles of the Upper Magdalena valley, Northern Andes, Colombia: case studies
Introduction
The northern area of the Upper Magdalena Valley
The southern area of the Upper Magdalena Valley, Neiva Syncline
Conclusions
References
11. Forelimb deformation in basement uplifts. Example from the Sierra de la Macarena, Colombia
Introduction
Geological setting
Data and methods
Seismic observations
Time to depth conversion
Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
12. Seismic expression of transpressional thick-skinned deformation in the southern foothills of Colombia
Introduction
Seismic observations from the Guamal 3D seismic line
Structural interpretation of the Guamal 3D seismic line: Positive inversion along footwall shortcuts
Seismic observations from the Chichimene 3D seismic line
Structural interpretation of the Chichimene 3D seismic line
Seismic observations and structural interpretation from the Castilla 3D seismic line
Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
13. Structural styles and evolution of the Colombian Eastern foothills Piedemonte triangle zone
Introduction
Surface geology and stratigraphy
Seismic and well data observations
Seismic data
Well data
Seismic interpretation
Structural interpretation
Evolutionary model
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
14. Seismic and structural analysis of the San Francisco oil field (Colombia). Structural controls on a complex hydrocarbon cha ...
Introduction
Geological setting
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
15. La Cira Basement-high; Middle Magdalena Valley Basin, Colombia
Introduction
Seismic interpretation
Kinematic restoration
Alternative models for the La Cira Basement-high
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
16. Regional structure, trap mechanisms, and basin evolution of the Middle Magdalena Basin of Colombia
Introduction
The northern segment of the Middle Magdalena Basin
The southern segment of the Middle Magdalena Basin
Conclusions
References
17. Structural styles of the southern Putumayo Foreland Basin, northern Andes, Colombia
Introduction
Sub-Andean domain
Proximal Foredeep domain
External Foredeep domain
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
18. An appraisal of basin development at the trailing edge of the Northern Andes, SW Ecuador-NW Peru
Introduction
General stratigraphy
Seismic chronological markers
Basin configuration
The Progreso Basin
The Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes Basin
Tectonic escape versus basin architecture
Acknowledgments
References
19. The Manabí and Esmeraldas-Borbón forearc basins of Ecuador
Introduction
Geological background
Data set
Workflow
Seismic stratigraphy
Structural style
Geosection M-1
Geosection M-2
Geosection EB-2
Geosection EB-1
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
20. Situche Complex, Marañon Basin, Peru
Introduction
Seismic profile PK 2001 (Situche South)
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Seismic Profiles through Situche Central and Situche North
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
21. Large transport thrust in the Huallaga sub-Basin (northern Peruvian sub-Andean zone)
Introduction
Regional geology of the Huallaga sub-Basin
Surface geology
Seismic observations
Subsurface structural interpretation
The Chazuta Thrust
Evaporite-cored detachment folds
Older Thrusts
Inverted, Triassic graben
Structural model
Kinematic evolution model
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
22. The San Martín Anticline: a classic example of a fault-bend fold in the Camisea fold and thrust belt, Central Andes, ...
Introduction
Hydrocarbon exploration and discoveries
Methodology
Regional setting: Gran Camisea subbasin
Stratigraphy
Camisea fold and thrust belt
San Martín Anticline
Kinematic model
Conclusions
References
23. The Sagari-Kinteroni Anticline: an example of an out-of-sequence tectonic wedge in the Camisea area, Peru
Introduction
Regional overview
Regional stratigraphy and tectonostratigraphic evolution
Regional structural styles
Structural interpretation of the Sagari-Kinteroni anticline
Sagai-Kinteroni anticline as observed from surface geological data
Subsurface seismic observations and interpretations
Sagari structural cross section
Kinteroni structural cross section
Structural evolution model
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
24. The Candamo antiformal stack, Madre de Dios Basin, Peru
Introduction
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
25. Fault-related fold evolution in the Bolivian Northern Sub-Andean Zone
Introduction
Regional geology of the Bolivian Northern Sub-Andean Zone
Surface geology
Seismic observations and structural interpretation
Line 1-Seismic observations
Line 2-Seismic observations
Line 2-Structural interpretation
Line 3-Seismic observations
Line 3-Structural interpretation
Line 4-Seismic observations
Line 4-Structural interpretation
North-South fold evolution
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
26. Transition from thin-to thick-skinned tectonics: example from the Boomerang Hills, Bolivia
Introduction
Geological setting
Seismic analysis
Structure
Southern domain
Northern domain
Kinematic model
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
27. Structural interpretation in the Bolivian southern Sub-Andean: from surface to hydrocarbon prospect generation
Introduction
Geological context
Direct constraints
Indirect constraints
Structural interpretation and forward model
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
28. Seismic interpretation challenges in the southern Subandean fold and thrust belt of Bolivia
Introduction
Geological setting
Seismic quality
Statistical curvature analysis techniques (SCAT)
Seismic interpretation
Restoration
Forward modeling and deformation chronology
Concluding remarks
References
29. Thin skin fold belt structural style in the Argentinean-Bolivian Subandean foothills: the Madrejones Anticline example
Introduction
Structural levels
Madrejones Anticline
Timing of deformation and genesis of the Madrejones Anticline
Conclusions
References
Further reading
30. Structural styles of the Villa Unión-San Isidro basement-involved fold and thrust belt, northern Ischigualasto-Villa ...
Introduction and regional tectonic setting
Stratigraphy of the study area
Seismic-reflection interpretation and depth conversion
Seismic stratigraphy
Structural interpretation
Structure of the Villa Unión-San Isidro basement-involved fold and thrust belt
San Isidro monocline and its frontal growth syncline
Las Tucumanesas anticline
Los Palacios syncline and Las Maravillas anticline
Anchumbil anticline
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
31. Structural styles, tectonic evolution, and petroleum systems of transverse pre-Andean structures: examples from the Cuyo an ...
Introduction
Los Tordillos half-graben
Seismic structural and stratigraphic configuration
Tectonic evolution
Burial history and petroleum systems
Río Negro fault
Seismic structural and stratigraphic configuration
Tectonic evolution
Burial history and petroleum systems
Conclusions
References
32. Structure beneath the southern Payenia volcanic field, Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Introduction
Seismic data
Western sector
Central sector
Eastern sector
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
33. Structural development in the frontal Malargüe fold and thrust belt, Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Introduction
Geological background
Seismic data
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Forward modeling
Field analog structures
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
34. Interpreting a complex triangle zone in the Agrio fold thrust belt, Neuquén Basin. Argentina
Introduction
Statistical curvature analysis technique (SCAT)
Seismic analysis
Structural interpretation
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
35. Exploration in a thick to thin-skinned transition: Faja Plegada triangle zone. Neuquén, Argentina
Introduction
Geological overview of the Chos Malal FTB (Argentina)
The contribution/input of the seismic data in the exploration of the internal sectors of the Chos Malal FTB
Refocusing the exploration on the Chos Malal triangle zone
Discussions on the kinematic model
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
36. Foothills structure of the Andes of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina and Chile
Introduction
Regional setting
Regional stratigraphy
Structure
Foothills structure
Section A-A′
Section B-B′
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
37. Inverted structures in the western Central Andes thrust belt front
Introduction
Geological background
Structural interpretation
Structural evolution
Conclusions
References
Further reading
38. Interaction between inverted normal and reverse faults in the inner forearc of the Central Andes: an example from the Salar ...
Introduction
Geological background
Seismic data
Structural interpretation
Structural evolution
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Contributors
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
Y