This workbook takes you through the successful work Harris, Textbook of Quantitative Analysis and is designed primarily for self-study. In five parts, the lecture content of analytical chemistry is summarized and explained using selected examples. Basic concepts of analytical chemistry are presented as well as the principle and various techniques of dimensional analysis and chromatography. UV/VIS, infrared and Raman spectroscopy are used to explain the investigation of molecularly present compounds, and selected techniques of atomic spectroscopy conclude the introduction to the fundamentals of analysis. The textbook's essential sections and illustrations are repeatedly referred to, which facilitates independent learning of the fundamentals of analytical chemistry.
Easy to read, the book introduces the fundamentals and key techniques of analytical chemistry; it is aimed at undergraduate students of chemistry or related science subjects. It repeatedly refers back to the basics familiar from courses in general chemistry, so that the connections between what is already known and what is new become immediately apparent. Learning with this workbook has been tested in a distance learning chemistry course and facilitates preparation for module examinations in analytical chemistry.This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Analytische Chemie I by Ulf Ritgen, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2019. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Author(s): Ulf Ritgen
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 323
City: Berlin, Heidelberg
Tags: Analytics; Analytical Chemistry; NMR; NMR Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Chromatography
Preface
Contents
I: Basics
1.1 Learning Objectives
1: Basic Concepts of Analytics
1.1 Design of the Experiment
1.2 And How Do I Get a Useful Answer?
2: Sampling and Sample Preparation
2.1 Separation Process
2.2 Sample Drying
3: Quality Assurance and Calibration
3.1 Everything Must Have Its Order: The Norm
3.2 Quantity Ranges
3.3 Calibration
3.4 Not All Standards Are Created Equal
3.5 Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
3.6 Significant Figures or: When Does “Exact” Become “Too Exact”?
3.7 A Brief Foray into Statistics
3.8 Summary
3.8.1 Basic Terms
3.8.2 Sampling and Separation Methods
3.8.3 Quality Assurance and Calibration
Answers
Literature
II: Volumetric Analysis
1.1 Learning Objectives
4: General Information on Volumetric Analysis
5: Volumetric Analysis with Acids and Bases
5.1 Strong Acid with Strong Base (and Vice Versa)
5.2 Weak Acid with Strong Base/Weak Base with Strong Acid
5.3 Polyprotic Acids
5.4 Endpoint Determination
6: Volumetric Analysis with Complexes (Complexometry)
6.1 Combination of Two Principles
6.2 Versatile and Widely Used: EDTA
7: A Combination with Considerable Potential: Redox Titrations
7.1 Short-Circuited
7.2 Reference Values
7.3 The End Point (Almost Like with Acids and Bases)
8: Poor Solubility Can Be Advantageous: Precipitation Titration
8.1 The Importance of the Solubility Product
8.2 Graphical Representation
8.3 Determination of the End Point
9: Gravimetry
9.1 Precipitation Form
9.2 Weighing Form
9.3 Special Case: Electrogravimetry
10: Selected Detection Methods
10.1 The Colour Change: Colorimetry
10.2 Altered Absorption Behaviour: Photometry
10.3 Changes in Electrochemical Potential: Potentiometry
10.4 Changes in Electrical Conductivity: Conductometry
10.5 Summary
Further Reading
III: Chromatographic Methods
1.1 Learning Objectives
11: General Information on Chromatography
12: Liquid Chromatography (LC)
12.1 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
12.2 Column Chromatography
12.3 High Performance Column Chromatography (HPLC)
12.4 Detection Methods
13: Gas Chromatography (GC)
13.1 Columns in GC
13.2 Detectors
14: Specialised Forms of Chromatography
14.1 Ion Exchange Columns
14.2 Exclusion Chromatography
14.3 Affinity Chromatography
15: Electrophoresis
15.1 Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)
15.2 Gel Electrophoresis
16: Choice of Methodology
16.1 Summary
16.1.1 Liquid Chromatography (LC)
16.1.2 Gas Chromatography (GC)
16.1.3 More Specific Forms of Chromatography
16.1.4 Electrophoresis
Answers
Further Reading
IV: Molecular Spectroscopy
1.1 Learning Objectives
17: General Information About Spectroscopy
18: Excitation of Electrons
18.1 Spectrophotometry and UV/VIS Spectroscopy
18.2 What Is the Effect of the Energy Transmitted by the Photon?
18.3 Who Does What?
18.4 Returning to the Ground State
18.5 Technical Aspects of (Spectral) Photometers
18.6 Applications
19: Vibrational Spectroscopy
19.1 Vibration Modes
19.2 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)
19.3 Similar, Yet Different: Raman Spectroscopy
19.4 Summary
19.4.1 Spectrophotometry and UV/VIS Spectroscopy
19.4.2 For Vibrational Spectroscopy
19.4.3 IR Spectroscopy
19.4.4 Raman Spectroscopy
Further Reading
V: Atomic Spectroscopy
1.1 Learning Objectives
20: General Information on Atomic Spectroscopy
20.1 Atomisation
20.1.1 Flames
20.1.2 Oven
20.1.3 Plasma
21: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
21.1 Excited States of the Atoms
21.2 Light Sources
22: Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES, OES)
22.1 The Historical Precursor: Flame Photometry
22.2 ICP-OES
22.3 In Combination with Mass Spectrometry
23: X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF)
23.1 The Basic Principle
23.2 Detection of the Resulting Photons
23.3 Summary
23.3.1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
23.3.2 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES)
23.3.3 X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (RFA)
23.4 Appendix: Answers
Literature
Glossary
Index
