Analogue and Digital Communication Techniques

Front Cover......Page 1
Analogue and Digital Communication Techniques......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
About the author......Page 14
Acknowledgements......Page 16
1.2 Frequencies......Page 18
1.4 Analogue signal......Page 19
1.5 Digital signal......Page 20
1.6 Waveforms......Page 21
1.7 Measurement of signal level......Page 25
1.8 Review questions......Page 30
2.2 Frequency band classifications......Page 32
2.4 Amplitude modulation......Page 34
2.5 Frequency division multiplexing......Page 41
2.6 Modulation depth......Page 45
2.7 Practical circuits......Page 52
2.8 Angle modulation......Page 56
2.10 Review questions......Page 62
3.2. Spread spectrum systems......Page 63
3.5 Pseudorandom code generators, scramblers and descramblers......Page 64
3.6 Types of spread spectrum techniques......Page 67
3.7 Advantages and disadvantages of spread spectrum techniques......Page 74
3.8 Review questions......Page 75
4.1 Introduction......Page 76
4.2 Amplitude shift key modulation......Page 77
4.3 Frequency shift key modulation......Page 78
4.4 Phase shift key modulation......Page 83
4.5 Sixteen-quadrature amplitude modulation......Page 93
4.6 Bandwidths......Page 98
4.7 Differential phase modulation......Page 100
4.8 Review questions......Page 112
5.2 Time division multiplexing......Page 114
5.3 Principle of operation......Page 115
5.4 Recommended standards......Page 117
5.5 The 30/32-channel CEPT PCM system......Page 118
5.6 Aliasing distortion......Page 121
5.7 Quantising and encoding......Page 123
5.8 The 30/32-channel CEPT PCM system operation......Page 133
5.9 Importance of frame and multiframe alignment......Page 138
5.10 Alarms......Page 139
5.11 Dependent regenerative repeaters......Page 141
5.12 Power feeding......Page 142
5.13 Review questions......Page 143
6.2 Internal noise......Page 144
6.3 External noise......Page 149
6.4 System performance......Page 150
6.5 Noise figure/noise factor......Page 151
6.6 Effective noise temperature......Page 158
6.8 Review questions......Page 161
7.2 Amplitude distortion......Page 163
7.3 Frequency distortion......Page 164
7.4 Amplitude and frequency distortion......Page 165
7.6 Effects of noise......Page 166
7.6 Review questions......Page 171
8.1 Introduction......Page 172
8.2 Entropy......Page 173
8.3 Causes of errors on digital signals......Page 175
8.4 Probability of bit error rate......Page 176
8.5 Shannon and Hartley capacity theorem......Page 181
8.6 Comparison of unipolar and bipolar bit streams......Page 185
8.7 Review questions......Page 186
9.2 Asynchronous and synchronous transmission......Page 187
9.3 Codes used on computers......Page 188
9.4 Huffmann coding......Page 190
9.5 Hamming coding......Page 196
9.6 Review questions......Page 201
10.2 Error detection using parity bits......Page 202
10.3 Block check codes......Page 207
10.4 Frame check sequence or cyclic redundancy check......Page 210
10.5 The CRC process......Page 213
10.6 Convolutional encoding......Page 220
10.7 Review questions......Page 247
11.2 Requirements of line and interface codes......Page 248
11.3 Non-return to zero codes......Page 249
11.4 Return to zero (RZ)......Page 252
11.5 The phase-encoded group......Page 257
11.6 Pulse modulation......Page 260
11.7 Frequency distribution......Page 262
11.8 Review questions......Page 263
12.2 Message transfer and message switching......Page 264
12.3 Protocol Categories and Operation......Page 265
12.4 Types of protocols......Page 266
12.5 The International Standards Organisation seven-layer model......Page 268
12.6 Functions of the different layers......Page 269
12.8 Recommended interfaces......Page 272
12.10 Review questions......Page 295
Answers to review questions......Page 296
Bibliography......Page 305
Index......Page 306