This book provides introductory, comprehensive, and concise descriptions of amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors and related materials. It includes comparative portraits of the chalcogenide and related materials including amorphous hydrogenated Si, oxide and halide glasses, and organic polymers. It also describes effects of non-equilibrium disorder, in comparison with those in crystalline semiconductors.
Author(s): Keiji Tanaka, Koichi Shimakawa
Edition: 2
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 316
City: Cham
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Noncrystalline, Amorphous, and Glassy
1.2 Crystalline Versus Noncrystalline
1.3 Characteristic Feature
1.3.1 Amorphous Material
1.3.2 Amorphous Chalcogenide Semiconductor
1.4 Historical Background: Chalcogenide and Oxide
1.5 Atomic and Electron Configurations
1.6 Ionicity, Covalency, and Metallicity of Atomic Bonds
1.7 Variety in Chalcogenides
1.7.1 Elemental
1.7.2 Binary
1.7.3 Ternary and More Complicated
1.8 Preparation
1.8.1 Glass (Bulk, Fiber)
1.8.2 Film and Others
1.9 Dependence upon Experimental Variables
References
Chapter 2: Structure
2.1 Ideal Structure
2.2 Practical Structure
2.3 Short-Range Structure
2.3.1 Experiments
2.3.2 Observations
2.4 Medium-Range Structure
2.4.1 Small Medium-Range Structure
2.4.2 First Sharp Diffraction Peak
2.5 Defect
2.6 Computer Analyses
2.7 Homogeneity
2.8 Surface and Nanostructures
References
Chapter 3: Atomic Properties
3.1 Structure and Properties
3.2 Vibrational Properties
3.2.1 Atomic Vibration
3.2.2 Boson Peak
3.3 Glass Transition
3.4 Fragility
3.5 Crystallization
3.6 Low-temperature Anomaly and Chemical Properties
3.7 Magic Numbers: 2.4 and 2.67
3.8 Ionic Conduction
References
Chapter 4: Electronic Properties
4.1 Electronic Structure
4.2 Band Structure
4.3 Bandgap and Mobility Edge
4.4 Gap States
4.5 Optical Property
4.6 Optical Absorption
4.6.1 Tauc Gap
4.6.2 Urbach Edge
4.6.3 Weak Absorption Tail
4.7 Refractive Index
4.8 Optical Nonlinearity
4.9 Electrical Conduction
4.9.1 Background
4.9.2 Carrier Transport
4.9.3 Meyer-Neldel Rule
4.9.4 AC Conductivity
4.10 Compositional Variation
References
Chapter 5: Photoelectronic Properties
5.1 Photoexcitation and Relaxation
5.2 Photoluminescence
5.2.1 CW Photoluminescence
5.2.2 Time-Resolved Photoluminescence
5.3 Photovoltage
5.4 Photoconduction
5.4.1 CW Photoconduction
5.4.2 Time-Resolved Photoconduction
5.5 Avalanche Breakdown
References
Chapter 6: Light-Induced Phenomena
6.1 Overall Features
6.2 Thermal Effects in Chalcogenide
6.2.1 Phase Change
6.2.2 Other Photothermal Phenomena
6.3 Photon Effects in Chalcogenide
6.3.1 Classification and Overall Features
6.3.2 Experimental
6.3.3 Computer Simulation
6.3.4 Photo-Crystallization
6.3.5 Photo-Polymerization
6.3.6 Giant Photo-contraction
6.3.7 Other Irreversible Changes
6.3.8 Reversible Photodarkening and Refractive Index Increase
6.3.8.1 Overall Features
6.3.8.2 Dependence upon Temperature and Pressure
6.3.8.3 Dependence upon Excitation Light
6.3.8.4 Variations with Materials
6.3.8.5 Mechanisms
6.3.9 Other Reversible Changes
6.3.9.1 Photoinduced Electrical Changes
6.3.9.2 Photoinduced Volume Changes
6.3.9.3 Photoinduced Thermal, Mechanical, and Chemical Changes
6.3.10 Photoinduced Phenomena at Low Temperatures
6.3.10.1 Observations
6.3.10.2 Atomic Mechanisms
6.3.11 Transitory Changes
6.3.11.1 Optical Changes
6.3.11.2 Mechanical Changes
6.3.12 Vector Effects
6.3.12.1 Optical Changes
6.3.12.2 Anisotropic Shape Changes
6.3.13 Photochemical Reactions
6.3.13.1 Photodoping
6.3.13.2 Photo-Surface Deposition and Photochemical Modification
6.3.13.3 Photooxidation and Photo-enhanced Vaporization
6.4 Photon Effects in Oxide Glasses
6.5 Light-induced Phenomena in Amorphous Si:H Films
6.5.1 Thermal Effects in Amorphous Si:H Films
6.5.2 Photon Effects in Amorphous Si:H Films
6.6 Photon Effects in Organic Polymers
References
Chapter 7: Applications
7.1 Overall Features
7.2 Optical Device
7.2.1 Optical Fiber
7.2.2 Metal-Doped Fiber
7.2.3 Waveguide
7.2.4 Nonlinear Device
7.3 Photo-Structural Device
7.4 Phase Change
7.4.1 Background
7.4.2 Optical Phase Change
7.4.3 Electrical Phase Change
7.5 Electrical Device
7.6 Photoelectric Device
7.6.1 Copying Photoreceptor
7.6.2 Vidicon and X-Ray Imager
7.6.3 Solar Cell
7.7 Ionic Device and Others
7.7.1 Ionic Memoy
7.7.2 Ion Sensor
7.7.3 Battery
References
Chapter 8: Future Prospects
8.1 Overview
8.2 Fundamentals
8.3 Applications
Reference
Appendix A: Publications on Related Crystals
Appendix B: Computer Analyses and Simulations
Appendix C: Electron-Beam Induced Phenomena
Index
