Advancing Criminology and Criminal Justice Policy

Cover
Half Title
Endorsements
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of illustrations
Notes on contributors
Acknowledgements
Volume introduction
References
Part I Introduction
Introduction: Evidence, evaluation, and strategies for moving criminal justice policy forward
Chapter 1 Evidence-informed criminal justice policy: Looking back, moving forward
Looking back: the growth of evidence-informed policy
Federal contributions to evidence-informed policy
State, local, and NGO contributions
Moving forward: recommendations for sustaining growth
Conclusion
Note
References
Chapter 2 Policy evaluation and assessment
Introduction
Evaluation versus assessment
Policies
Bad policies: the perils of extremes, anecdotes (“evidence”), and no or weak empirical research
Extremes
Anecdotes (“evidence”)
No, or weak, empirical research
Use of the evaluation hierarchy to define, develop, and identify “good” policies
Benefits of policy evaluation
Institutionalize policy evaluation
Causal uncertainty
Conclusion
Note
References
Chapter 3 The role of theory, ideology, and ethics in criminal justice policy
Introduction
Theory
Ideology
Ethics
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Translational criminology: A new path forward
Introduction
Translational criminology
Benefits of translational criminology in a policy context
Challenges to translational criminology in a policy context
Concrete steps: moving forward
Notes
References
Part II Crime prevention
Introduction: Individual, family, and community prevention programs
Chapter 5 Juvenile delinquency prevention programs
Family-based prevention
Home visiting programs
Parent management training
Programs for older children
Multisystemic therapy
School-based prevention
Pre-school programs
School programs
Skills training
Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Opportunities for public policies to strengthen families and prevent crime
The family context and crime prevention
Opportunities for public policy
References
Chapter 7 Community crime prevention
Introduction: The dominant role of community crime prevention
The undermining of community crime prevention by official action
Programmatic community crime prevention interventions
The weakness of broad “prevention” approaches
Targeted community crime prevention approaches: the record and the challenges
Lessons
Notes
Chapter 8 Situational crime prevention
Introduction
The situational approach to crime prevention
Theoretical underpinnings
Evidence of effectiveness
Methodological issues in SCP evaluation
Implications for policy and practice
Notes
References
Part III Policing and court sentencing
Introduction: Policing
Chapter 9 Community policing
Community policing in the United States
The effectiveness of community policing
Challenges of community policing
Moving forward: community policing in practice
Conclusion and directions for future research
Note
References
Chapter 10 Problem-oriented policing: Evidence v. framing in implementation success
The problem
What is problem-oriented policing and what is a problem?
Problem-oriented policing and crime science
Does problem-oriented policing work?
Difficulties with implementing POP
Problem frames and POP
Conclusions
Note
References
Chapter 11 The science and practice of hot-spots policing
Introduction
Theoretical perspectives on hot-spots policing
The concentration and stability of crime at places
Crime prevention perspectives
The empirical evidence on hot-spots policing and crime control
Campbell systematic review of the effects of hot-spots policing and crime
What we need to know most: how hot-spots policing programs affect police legitimacy
Conclusion
References
Introduction: Court sentencing
Chapter 12 Mandatory minimum penalties: Evidence-based consequences and recommendations for policy and legal reform
Introduction
Mandatory minimum sentencing policy
Evidence-based findings of the consequences of mandatory minimum penalties
Response to evidence-based consequences of mandatory minimum penalties
Note
References
Statutes
Supreme court cases
Chapter 13 Sentencing disparities
Introduction
Research on racial, ethnic, and gender disparity in sentencing
Race and ethnic disparity is conditional on gender and context
Gendered racial and ethnic disparity
Social contexts and sentencing disparity
Sentencing disparity and sentencing policy
Sentencing guidelines
Mandatory minimums
Sentencing risk assessments
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 14 Sex offender legislation and policy
The current state of research, policy, and practice
Registration and community notification policies
Residence restriction policies
Civil commitment policies
Alignment of policy and practice with empirical research
Conclusions
References
Chapter 15 Drug courts and drug policy
Introduction
Background
Effectiveness of drug courts
Target population
Fidelity to the model
The policy environment
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 16 Did the Gregg decision overcome the arbitrary and discriminatory use of the death penalty...
Introduction
Arbitrariness and the death penalty
Geographic arbitrariness
Culpability arbitrariness
Prosecutorial arbitrariness
Gubernatorial arbitrariness
Jury arbitrariness
Judicial arbitrariness
Is there racial discrimination in the use of the death penalty?
GAO study
Baldus study
Blume study
Donohue study
Racial prejudice and the death penalty
Stereotypical ‘Blackness’ and death sentencing
The American Law Institute (ALI)
Conclusion
References
Part IV Corrections and rehabilitation
Introduction: Community corrections
Chapter 17 Improving correctional supervision: What does the research tell us?
Introduction
The failure of focusing on control
The search for the magic caseload size
Use of technology
The search continues
Reducing recidivism and changing behavior
Risk-need-responsivity principles
Real world application of the RNR framework
RNR frameworks for community supervision
Summary and conclusions
Note
References
Chapter 18 Smart sentencing revisited: Assessing the policy/practice implications of research ...
Introduction: intermediate sanctions as a “smart” sentencing strategy
The target population for intermediate sanctions: risk vs. stakes
Electronic monitoring
Intensive probation supervision
Boot camps
Split sentencing
Other intermediate sanctions: day fines, community service, and residential community corrections
Conclusions and policy recommendations
References
Introduction: Incarceration
Chapter 19 Confinement in local jails: Institutions and their clients neglected by criminologists
Introduction
What are jails and how do they differ from prisons?
The volume of inmates local jails and prisons receive, release and house
Comparison of one city jail to the 50 state prison systems
Limited knowledge on jails
Services available to inmates in local jails
Job training and education
Substance abuse treatment
Mental health services in jails
Jail budgets and expenditures
Discussion and conclusions
Note
References
Chapter 20 Does a prison term prevent or promote more crime?
Introduction
A model of the prison experience: moderating and mediating effects
Summary of the research on the effect of a term of prison and prison time served
Inferential limitations
The effect of prison security level
Community release conditions
Future research, current policy implications
Notes
References
Introduction: Reentry and recidivism reduction programs
Chapter 21 Reentry from incarceration to community: A convergence of practices based on scientific evidence...
Introduction
The transition process for reentry
Housing
Employment
Social support networks
Substance abuse treatment
Parole supervision or reentry supervision
Conclusion
Note
References
Chapter 22 The effects of prison programming
Introduction
Literature review
Considerations
Conclusions
Notes
References
Chapter 23 The challenge of integrating restorative justice into the “deep-end” of criminal justice
Restorative justice and evidence-based research
Case study: visions of a “restorative county”
The challenge of branching into the deep-end
Acknowledgements
Notes
References
Chapter 24 Juvenile justice education
Introduction
Empirical research regarding juvenile justice education
History of juvenile justice education
Florida’s juvenile justice education system: a case illustration
Conclusion
References
Introduction: Special populations
Chapter 25 Inmates with serious mental illnesses: Current knowledge and challenges for practice
The nature and extent of PSMI in prisons
Overview
Prevalence estimates
Mentally ill inmates’ needs
Correctional practices for PSMI
Psychiatric treatment
Disciplinary procedures
Inmate suicide
Classification and capacity management
Moving forward
References
Chapter 26 Women’s incarceration and motherhood: Policy considerations
Introduction
Trends in women’s incarceration
Over classified; over policed
Parenting concerns of incarcerated women
Policies impacting imprisoned mothers
Prison parenting
Conclusion
References
Chapter 27 Aging and dying in prison: At the intersection of crime, costs, and health care
Introduction
The scope and origins of a correctional problem
Correctional health care needs and costs
Policy and program responses
Conclusions
Notes
References
Chapter 28 Native American criminal justice Toward evidence-based policies and practices
Introduction
Historical context
Crime and criminal justice in Indian country
Native American law enforcement
Native American court systems
Criminal detention on Native American reservations
Toward evidence-based Native American criminal justice
References
Part V Conclusion
Introduction: The future of criminology and criminal justice policy
Chapter 29 Mass incarceration, the carceral state, and evidence-based research
The slippery concept of “recidivism”
The recidivism-crime connection
Racial disparities and evidence-based research
Methodological rabbit hole
New research frontiers on mass incarceration and the carceral state
Emergence of the carceral state
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 30 The media and criminal justice policy and practices
Introduction
Crime news and criminal justice
Setting the social problem agenda
New media, crime, and justice
Recommendations for practitioners
1: Conduct rigorous research and criminal justice practice evaluations
2: Raise your media consciousness
3: Recognize that punitive effects are the most common result of media attention
4: Become aware of unintended consequences of media
5: Become aware of media-generated moral panics and new media’s role
6: Become a news-making criminologist
Conclusion
References
Chapter 31 Cost-effective and accountable criminal justice policy
Introduction
What works: evidence-based policy
Pay for success and social impact bonds
Justice reinvestment
References
Chapter 32 The utility of findings from biosocial research for public policy
Introduction
Key findings from biosocial research
Integrating biosocial findings into criminal justice policies
Conclusions
References
Chapter 33 Bringing evidence into criminal justice policy
Introduction
Contrast with the medical field
Complexities of the evidence models
The complex choice environment
Research approaches to provide evidence
Strengthening the link between evidence and policy
References
Index