This book describes recent developments in soil liquefaction engineering and introduces more appropriate procedures than the current ones to evaluate triggering and consequences of soil liquefaction during earthquakes. The topics therefore cover all aspects of soil behaviour following liquefaction during earthquakes. The contents start with new approaches and new findings on characterisation of liquefaction resistance and undrained shear strength of fully saturated, partially saturated, and unsaturated sand, which are fully based on laboratory tests. New approaches and findings are then described on the use of in situ sounding tests for characterising triggering and consequences of soil liquefaction, including post-liquefaction settlement, lateral spreading, and stability against flow slide. All the topics are accompanied by illustrative case history data from recent major earthquakes in Japan.
Author(s): Yoshimichi Tsukamoto, Kenji Ishihara
Series: Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 194
City: Singapore
Preface
About This Book
Contents
About the Authors
1 Liquefaction Resistance of Saturated Sand
1.1 Triaxial Test Apparatus for Cyclic Loading
1.2 Resistance of Saturated Sand to Liquefaction
1.3 Physical Properties Pertinent to Dynamic Characterisation of Soils
1.4 Introducing Novel Concepts for Dynamic Characterisation of Sand
1.4.1 Binary Packing of Soil Particles
1.4.2 Skeleton Void Ratio for Evaluating Liquefaction Resistance of Soils
1.4.3 Skeleton Void Ratio for Evaluating Initial Shear Modulus of Soils
1.5 Relation Between Liquefaction Resistance and Initial Shear Modulus of Soils
References
2 Characterising Undrained Monotonic Behaviour of Saturated Sand
2.1 Steady State Concept
2.2 Effects of Sample Preparation Methods on Steady States
2.3 Behaviour of Saturated Sand Under Anisotropically Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression
2.4 Confining Stress Parameters
2.5 Steady State Line
2.6 Phase Transformation Lines
2.7 Initial Dividing Line
2.8 Initial State Ratio and Undrained Shear Strength
References
3 Characterising Undrained Behaviour of Imperfectly Saturated and Unsaturated Sands
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Full Saturation, Imperfect Saturation and Un-saturation
3.3 Velocity of Primary Wave Propagation Vp and Coefficient of Pore Water Pressure B
3.4 Degree of Saturation Sr and Coefficient of Pore Water Pressure B
3.5 Laboratory Measurements of Primary Wave and Shear Wave Velocity for Imperfectly Saturated Sand
3.6 Liquefaction Resistance of Imperfectly Saturated Sand
3.7 Undrained Shear Strength of Imperfectly Saturated Sand
3.8 Initial Shear Modulus of Unsaturated Sand
3.9 Cyclic Resistance of Unsaturated Sand
3.10 Undrained Shear Strength of Unsaturated Sand
References
4 Analysis on Triggering of Soil Liquefaction Including Effects of Imperfect Saturation
4.1 Factors Affecting Triggering of Soil Liquefaction
4.2 Revisiting Effects of Irregularity of Seismic Motions
4.3 Effects of Soil Ageing
4.4 Effects of Imperfect Saturation
References
5 Use of In Situ Sounding Tests for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Triggering
5.1 In Situ Sounding Tests for Dynamic Characterisation of Soils
5.2 Estimating Liquefaction Resistance of Soils from In Situ Sounding Tests
5.2.1 Standard Penetration Test
5.2.2 Cone Penetration Test
5.2.3 Swedish Weight Sounding
5.3 Estimating the Relative Density from SWS and CPT
5.4 Use of Void Ratio Range
5.5 Estimating Liquefaction Resistance of Soils from SWS
5.6 Collection of Case History Data
5.6.1 Soil Liquefaction at Sawara in Katori City
5.6.2 Soil Liquefaction at Hinode in Itako City
5.6.3 Liquefaction of Reclaimed Backfills in Iron Sand Mining in Asahi City
5.6.4 Trench Investigations in Itako City
References
6 Evaluating Post-liquefaction Settlement and Lateral Deformation
6.1 Evaluating Post-liquefaction Settlement
6.1.1 Laboratory Test Results on Toyoura Clean Sand
6.1.2 Laboratory Test Results on Hsin Hwa Silty Sand
6.1.3 Recommended Procedure for Post-liquefaction Settlement Evaluation
6.2 Evaluating Lateral Deformation
6.2.1 Laboratory Testing on Lateral Deformation
6.2.2 Recommended Procedure for Evaluating Lateral Displacement
6.2.3 Case History Data on Lateral Deformation
6.3 Collection of Case History Data
6.3.1 Liquefaction and Settlement of Kobe Port Island (1995 Kobe Earthquake)
6.3.2 Liquefaction and Settlement of Reclaimed Land (2000 Tottori-Ken Seibu Earthquake)
6.3.3 Liquefaction and Settlement at Kashiwazaki Regional Sewage Centre (2007 Niigata-Ken Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake)
6.3.4 Field Observations of Lateral Spreading (1995 Kobe Earthquake)
6.3.5 Slip Failure of Road Embankment on Reclaimed Deposits in Hitachinaka City (2011 Tohoku Earthquake)
6.3.6 Ground Deformation of Reclaimed Deposits at Gohno-Ike Pond in Kamisu City (2011 Tohoku Earthquake)
6.3.7 River Levee Failure at Sekiyado in Noda City (2011 Tohoku Earthquake)
6.4 Liquefaction-Induced Settlement of Foundations
6.5 Modelling of Lateral Spreading
References
7 Use of In Situ Sounding Tests for Evaluating Stability of Soil Deposits Subject to Liquefaction
7.1 Estimating Undrained Shear Strength of Sand from In Situ Sounding Tests
7.1.1 Swedish Weight Sounding
7.1.2 Standard Penetration Test
7.1.3 Cone Penetration Test
7.2 Collection of Case History Data
7.2.1 Tsukidate Flow Slide (2003 Miyagiken-Oki Earthquake)
7.2.2 Flow Failure of Farming Field at Tanno in Kitami City (2003 Tokachi-Oki Earthquake)
References
