Advances in Smart Energy Systems

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Optimization Analysis of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System for the Class Room at RLJIT, Doddaballapur, Southern Part of India
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Materials and Methodology
1.2.1 Materials
1.2.2 Photovoltaic System
1.2.3 Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS)
1.2.4 Battery Bank
1.2.5 Diesel Generator
1.2.6 Biomass Gasifier
1.2.7 Methodology
1.3 Results and Discussions
1.4 Conclusions
References
2 A Study of Internet of Things in Smart Grid and Smart Grid Security
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Internet of Things
2.2.1 Definition
2.2.2 Identification of Radio Frequency
2.2.3 Infrared Sensor Technology
2.2.4 Global Position System
2.2.5 Machine/Man to Machine/Mobile
2.3 Smart Grid System
2.3.1 Definition of Smart Grid
2.3.2 Smart Grid Architecture
2.3.3 The Smart Grid Goals and Challenges
2.4 IoT Application and Services in Smart Grids
2.4.1 Driving Factors of IoT for Smart Grid
2.4.2 Communication Infrastructure of IoT
2.4.3 IoT Protocols
2.4.4 Future Research Direction
2.5 Smart Grid Security and Protocol
2.5.1 Smart Grid Security Threats Classification by Source
2.5.2 Attack Detection and Counter- Measures
2.6 Cyber Security a Challenge for Smart Grid
2.6.1 Cyber Security Model
2.6.2 SCADA System
2.6.3 Cryptograph
2.6.4 Constraints
2.6.5 General Cryptographic Issues
2.7 Conclusions
References
3 An Overview of Quantum Computing Approach in the Present-Day Energy Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basic Concept
3.2.1 Quantum Computing
3.2.2 Energy System
3.3 Related Works
3.4 Optimization in Present-Day Energy Systems
3.5 Impact of Quantum Computing on Energy and Utilities
3.6 Conclusion
References
4 Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm-Based Optimal Allocation and Sizing of Capacitor Bank in Radial Distribution Networks
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Problem Formulation
4.2.1 Constraints
4.3 Determining the Potential Locations
4.4 Load Flow
4.5 SOS Algorithm and Capacitor Placement
4.5.1 Mutualism Phase
4.5.2 Commensalism Phase
4.5.3 Parasitism Phase
4.6 Results and Discussion
4.6.1 Case Study 1: IEEE 69 Bus RDS
4.6.2 Case Study 2: IEEE 85 Bus RDS
4.6.3 Case Study 3: IEEE 118 Bus RDS
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 Optimization of the Mechanical Properties of Energy-Efficient Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymeric Composites
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methodology
5.2.1 Materials
5.2.2 Surface Treatment of Fibers
5.2.3 Fabrication of Composites
5.2.4 Testing of Mechanical Properties
5.2.5 Selection of Process Parameters
5.2.6 Taguchi Analysis
5.2.7 Analysis of Variance and Regression Analysis
5.2.8 Water Absorption Test
5.2.9 Thermal Analysis
5.2.10 Morphological Analysis
5.3 Results and Discussions
5.3.1 Tensile Characterization of Composites
5.3.2 Flexural Characteristics of Composites
5.3.3 Regression Analysis
5.3.4 Test for Water Absorption by the Composites
5.3.5 Thermal Property—Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
5.3.6 Morphological Analysis
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 Extended State Observer-Based Controller Design Application in a Two-Link Robotic Manipulator
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 A Subsection Sample
6.2 Problem Formation
6.2.1 Model Description
6.2.2 Controller Design
6.2.3 Algorithm Description
6.2.4 Illustrative Example
6.3 Conclusion
References
7 Optimisation of Energy and Exergy Analysis of 100 W Solar Photovoltaic Module Using ANN Method
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Method to be Consider
7.2.1 Solar Panel Energy Efficiency
7.2.2 To Determine Solar Photovoltaic Modules Exergy Efficiency
7.3 Detailed Study of an Experiment
7.4 Result and Analysis
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Obstructed Material Classification Using mmWave Radar with Deep Neural Network for Industrial Applications
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Literature Review
8.3 Objectives
8.4 Method
8.5 Results
8.6 Discussion and Evaluation
8.7 Conclusions
8.8 Future Work
References
9 Modeling and Simulation of Plain and Corrugated Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methodology
9.2.1 Governing Equations
9.2.2 Modeling
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.3.1 Straight Tube Heat Exchanger
9.3.2 Corrugated Heat Exchanger
9.3.3 Straight Tube Heat Exchanger with Baffles
9.4 Conclusion
References
10 Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades at Various Angles of Attack
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Blade Geometry and Computational Domain
10.2.1 Meshing
10.2.2 Setting the Boundary Conditions
10.3 Validation
10.4 Result and Discussions
10.5 Conclusion
References
11 Computational Analysis of Air Energy Extractors for Guided Flow Exhaust Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methodology
11.2.1 Key Performance Parameters
11.2.2 H-Darrieus Wind Turbine and Cooling Tower Parameters
11.2.3 Flow Augmentation Study Methods for Cooling Tower Exhaust Air Energy Extractions
11.2.4 Computational Domain, Mesh, and Flow Physics Conditions
11.2.5 Grid Independence and Time Step Sensitivity Test
11.2.6 Model Validation
11.3 Results and Discussions
11.3.1 Average Moment and Power Coefficients
11.3.2 Flow Analysis Around Bare HDWT and HDWT with Guide Vanes at TSR 1.5
11.3.3 Flow Analysis Around Bare HDWT and HDWT with Cycloidal Diffusers at TSR 2.0
11.4 Conclusion
References
12 Computational Simulations on the Performance of Savonius Turbines in a Solar Chimney Power Plant
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Solar Chimney Power Plant
12.1.2 Wind Turbines
12.2 Application of SSWT
12.3 Methodology
12.3.1 Computational Modelling
12.3.2 Mathematical Modelling
12.3.3 Turbine Validation
12.3.4 SCPP Validation
12.4 Results and Discussion
12.4.1 Turbine Validation
12.4.2 SCPP Validation
12.4.3 Performance of SSWT in the SCPP
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 Presentation of Real-Time Lab Analysis for Multiple-Area Renewable Sources-Thermal-Hydro System by Implementation of Cat Swarm Optimization
13.1 Introduction
13.2 System Investigated
13.3 Proposed Cascade PD-FOID Controller
13.4 Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO)
13.5 Results and Analysis
13.5.1 System Dynamics with Thermal System
13.6 Conclusions
Appendix
References
14 Impact of Electric Vehicles and Wind Turbine in Combined ALFC and AVR Studies Using AFA-Optimized CFPD-PIDN Controller
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Methodology
14.2.1 System Investigation
14.2.2 ALFC and AVR Loops Interaction
14.2.3 Modelling of Thermal and Wind Plants
14.2.4 Modelling of Electric Vehicles
14.2.5 Proposed Cascade Fuzzy PD and PIDN (CFPD-PIDN) Controller
14.3 Artificial Flora Algorithm
14.4 Result Analysis
14.4.1 Comparison of Performance Index with AFA-PIDN
14.4.2 Comparison of GWO-PIDN, TLBO-PIDN, and AFA-PIDN
14.4.3 Comparison of System Performance with PIDN and CFPD-PIDN Controllers
14.4.4 Effect of EVs on System Dynamics
14.4.5 Effect of Kev Variations on the System Dynamics
14.4.6 Wind System Impact on System Dynamics
14.4.7 Sensitivity Analysis
14.5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
15 A QSSA Optimized Fractional-Order Controller for Improving Transient Response in AC Autonomous Microgrid VSC System
15.1 Introduction
15.2 MG System and Proposed Control Scheme
15.2.1 Droop Controller for Improved Transient Response
15.2.2 Inner Loop Voltage and Current Controller
15.2.3 Overview of the Optimization Algorithm
15.2.4 QSSA Optimization of the Proposed Controller
15.3 Simulation Results
15.3.1 Step Load Variations on Microgrid
15.3.2 Momentary Fault (LL-G) on Microgrid System
15.4 Conclusion
References
16 Conflated Voltage–Frequency Control of Multi-area Multi-source System Using Fuzzy TID Controller and Its Real-Time Validation
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Unified Power System Under Study
16.2.1 Modeling of the Cross-Coupling Coefficients Within ALFCs and AVRs
16.2.2 Modeling of Electric Vehicle
16.3 Fuzzy Logic-Based Tilt-Integral-Derivative (FTID) Controller
16.4 Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) Algorithm
16.5 Simulation Results and Their Outcomes
16.5.1 System Performance Comparison by Different Controllers
16.5.2 Study of Different Controllers in AVR and the Effect of AVR on Conflated System
16.5.3 Sensitivity Study
16.5.4 Study of the Proposed System in OPAL-RT OP 4510 Hardware Setup
16.6 Conclusion
References