Advances in Computational Methods and Technologies in Aeronautics and Industry

Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I Introduction
1 The Special Technology Sessions at the Large ECCOMAS Conferences and the CFD Research Development in Aeronautics
1.1 ECCOMAS and the Special Technology Sessions (STS)
1.2 The ECCOMAS Industry Interest Group (IIG)
1.3 Technology Trends as Presented in Aeronautical STS at the Large ECCOMAS Conferences
1.3.1 Special Technology Sessions at ECCOMAS Conferences
1.3.2 Technological Development in Aeronautics and Numerical Methods Over 25 Years ECCOMAS Conferences
1.4 Conclusion
References
Part II Computational Fluid Dynamics
2 Smart Morphing and Sensing for the Wings of the Future
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Flow Configurations and Morphing Wing Prototypes
2.3 Numerical Method and Turbulence Modelling
2.4 Results
2.4.1 The Subsonic RS Prototype
2.4.2 The Transonic tRS Prototype
2.4.3 The LS Prototype
2.5 Conclusions
References
3 A 2D Validation Experiment for Dynamic High-Lift System Aerodynamics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Modified DLR-F15 Wind Tunnel Model
3.3 ONERA L1 Wind Tunnel Facility and Test Setup
3.4 Test Matrix
3.5 First Results
3.6 Summary and Outlook
References
4 Drag Reduction Control in Turbulent Channel with a Spanwise Traveling Wave of Blowing and Suction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Control Strategy
4.2.1 The Numerical Method and Uncontrolled Flow
4.2.2 Description of WBS Actuation
4.2.3 Similarities of WBS and WOS: Parameters Dependence of Drag Reduction
4.3 Results and Discussions
4.4 Conclusions
References
5 Simulations of Multiple Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interactions with a Non-linear Turbulence Model
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Numerical Method
5.3 Numerical Setup
5.3.1 Numerical Domain, Grids and Boundary Conditions
5.3.2 Numerical Cases
5.4 Results and Discussion
5.4.1 Validation Cases
5.4.2 Parametric Cases
5.5 Conclusions
5.6 Future Work
References
6 Two Cases Calling for Scale-Resolving Simulation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Scale-Resolving Numerical Algorithm
6.3 Problem Formulation and Computational Setup
6.3.1 Supersonic Flow over Inclined Backward Facing Step
6.3.2 Dual-Stream Jet
6.4 Numerical Results and Discussion
6.4.1 The BFS45 Case
6.4.2 The JET Case
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 High-Fidelity Numerical Analysis of Ducted Propeller Aerodynamics and Acoustics
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Numerical Methods
7.2.1 HMB3 Solver
7.2.2 Acoustics Calculation
7.3 Validation and Aerodynamic Performance of Ducted Propeller in Axial Flight
7.3.1 Near-Field Acoustics
7.3.2 Far-Field Acoustics
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 Load Control on the Future Greener Aircraft by Circulation Control
8.1 Introduction
8.2 BWB Model with Trailing-Edge Coanda Devices
8.3 Load Control Performance of CC
8.4 Conclusion
References
Part III Design and Optimization
9 Design and Testing a Full-Scale Laminar Wing Leading Edge High-Lift System
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Aerodynamic Design
9.3 Combined Ground Based Demonstrator/Icing Wind Tunnel Model
9.4 Icing Wind Tunnel Test
9.4.1 Facility and Setup
9.4.2 High-Lift Aerodynamic Verification Test
9.4.3 High-Lift Icing Test
9.4.4 High-Lift Ice Breaking Test
9.5 Conclusion
References
10 Inverse Aerodynamic Design Using Neural Networks
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Modified Cuckoo Search Method
10.2.1 Cuckoo Search
10.2.2 Modified Cuckoo Search
10.3 Novel Multi-output Neural Network
10.3.1 Neural Network Architecture
10.3.2 Multi-output NN for CFD Applications
10.4 Inverse Aerodynamic Design
10.4.1 Inverse Design for a Target Pressure Distribution
10.4.2 Inverse Design for a Target Lift to Drag Ratio
10.5 Concluding Remarks
References
11 Multidisciplinary Modelling, Analysis and Optimization for Aircraft and System Level Design and Validation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Collaborative Environments and MDO
11.3 Surrogate Models in MDO
11.3.1 MultiFit
11.3.2 Surrogate Model Repository—SMR
11.4 Application—Rudder Design Use Case
11.5 Conclusions
References
12 Disciplinary Implications of a System Architecting Approach to Collaborative Aircraft Design
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Fundamentals of System Architecture-Driven Collaborative Aircraft Design at DLR
12.2.1 CPACS: A Common Language
12.2.2 RCE: Process Integration and Execution Framework
12.2.3 Design Process and System Architecture
12.2.4 Disciplinary Tools—And Experts
12.3 Application Cases: Structural Analysis in Collaborative Design Projects
12.3.1 AGILE: The Disciplinary Specialist Within a Collaborative Design Environment
12.3.2 PARSIFAL: Assembling Data and Building a Data Set
12.3.3 InDiCaD: Incorporating New Design Capabilities
12.4 Conclusion
References
13 Solving Multi-objective Optimal Design and Maintenance for Systems Based on Calendar Times Using GDE3
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Methodology
13.2.1 Availability and Functionability Profiles
13.2.2 Building Functionability Profiles
13.2.3 Multi-objective Optimization
13.3 Application Case
13.4 Results
13.5 Conclusions
References
14 Comparison of Active Metamodelling Techniques in Multidisciplinary Optimisation Frameworks
14.1 Introduction
14.2 An Active Approach to Metamodelling
14.3 Formulations
14.3.1 Radial Basis Functions
14.3.2 Artificial Neural Networks
14.4 Test Case: The Noise Shielding
14.5 Numerical Results and Discussion
14.6 Conclusions
References
Part IV Structural Mechanics
15 Numerical Analysis of a Mechanical De-icing Process by Low Frequency Oscillation of a CFRP Layer
15.1 Introduction
15.2 State of the Technology
15.3 Ice Behavior
15.4 Experiment
15.4.1 Test Set-Up
15.4.2 Modal Analyses
15.4.3 De-icing Tests
15.5 Numerics
15.5.1 Modal Analysis
15.5.2 De-icing Modeling
15.6 Conclusion and Outlook
References
16 Finite Element Solution of a Solder Filling Problem with Contact Angle Condition
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Mathematical Modeling
16.2.1 Energy Minimization of Contact Angle and Volume Constraint
16.2.2 Nonlinear Elliptic Problem with Contact Angle and Volume Constraint
16.2.3 Numerical Scheme to Find a Solution of Nonlinear Problem in Weak Form
16.2.4 Selection of Initial State with Incremental or Decremental Volume
16.2.5 Finite Element Discretization by P2 Element
16.2.6 Linear Solver in the Newton Iteration with Volume Constraint
16.2.7 Parallel Computation by GMRES Method with Additive Schwarz Preconditioner
16.3 Treatment of Actual Geometry in an Industrial Application
16.3.1 Parameterized Geometry Given by STEP File
16.3.2 Adaptive Mesh Refinement to Capture the Interface
16.4 Numerical Example
16.4.1 Topology Change
16.4.2 Hysteresis Effect
16.4.3 Contact Angle Condition
16.4.4 Numerical Performance
16.4.5 Tanatloc GUI Web Interface for Cluster Computing
16.5 Concluding Remarks
References
17 A Symmetric Algorithm for Solving Mechanical Contact Problems Using FreeFEM
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Contact Problem and Discretization
17.2.1 Discretization
17.3 Numerical Optimization by the Interior Point Method
17.3.1 Some Technical Discussions
17.4 Alternative Formulations
17.4.1 First Alternative Formulation
17.4.2 Second Alternative Formulation
17.5 Contact Algorithm
17.6 Numerical Examples
17.6.1 The Advantage of a Symmetric Contact Algorithm
17.6.2 Disc-in-Disc
17.6.3 Multi-body Contact Between Three Beams
17.7 Conclusions
References
18 Shape Optimization of Catalyst Pellets for the Improvement of Vapor-Phase Synthesis Process
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Simulation of Filling Catalyst Pellets into a Pipe Reactor
18.2.1 Simulation Model
18.2.2 Effect of the Ratio of Height to Diameter of a Pipe Reactor
18.2.3 Effect of the Ratio of Diameter to Thickness of a Cylindrical Catalyst Pellet
18.2.4 Effect of the Ratio of Major-Minor Axis Length of an Elliptic Cylindrical Catalyst Pellet
18.3 Conclusions
References
19 A Business Decision Support System Supporting Early Stage Composites Part Design
19.1 Introduction
19.2 The COMPOSELECTOR Business Decision Support System
19.2.1 The BPMN Standard
19.2.2 The DMN Standard
19.2.3 The Business Decision System
19.3 Modeling Decisions in Materials Design and Process Selection
19.4 A BDSS Use Case
19.5 Validation of the BDSS
19.6 Other Decision Making Aspects
19.7 Conclusions
References
20 Variational Problem of Vibration Suppression for Thermoelastic Axially Moving Web
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Problem Formulation and Basic Relations
20.3 Optimality Condition
20.4 Vibration Suppression Algorithm
20.5 Some Notes and Conclusions
References