Advances in Bricks and Blocks for Building Construction

Preface
Table of Contents
Bricks and Blocks
1. Introduction
2. Bricks
3. Different Applications of Bricks
4. Properties of bricks
4.1 Heat protection in the summer
4.2 Eco-friendly
4.3 Durability
4.4 Burn less easily
4.5 Free of maintenance
5. Types of bricks
5.1 Acid resistant bricks
5.2 Engineering bricks
5.3 Silica bricks
5.4 Refractory bricks
5.5 Sand-lime bricks
5.6 Blue bricks
5.7 Colored bricks
5.8 Perforated bricks
5.9 Fire bricks
5.10 Hollow bricks or hollow blocks
5.11 Fly-ash bricks
6. Advantage of brick masonry
7. Disadvantage of brick masonry
8. Considerations for good brick masonry
9. Blocks
9.1 Cheaper
9.2 Made from waste
9.3 Light in weight
9.4 Strength
9.5 Soundproofing
9.6 Space saving
10. Advantages of concrete building blocks
10.1 Strength and durability
10.2 Fire resistance
10.3 Locally manufactured
10.4 Insulating properties
10.5 Custom colors and finishes
10.6 Affordable and sustainable
11. Difference between red bricks and solid concrete blocks
Conclusion
References
Fly Ash Bricks
1. Introduction
2. Ancient lime-pozzolanic chemistry
3. Types of fly ash bricks
4. The FaL-G technology
5. Specifications and characteristics of fly ash bricks
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Dimensions and tolerances
5.3 Tolerances
5.4 Classification
5.5 Physical characteristics
6. Manufacturing process
7. Properties of fly ash affecting the strength of fly ash bricks
8. Benefits of fly ash bricks for the environment
9. Durability of fly ash bricks
10. Advantages of fly ash bricks
11. Disadvantages and limitations of fly ash bricks
12. Comparison of fly ash bricks with clay bricks
Conclusion
References
Calcium Silicate Bricks
1. Introduction
2. Materials used for sand lime bricks
2.1 Sand
2.2 Lime
2.3 Water
2.4 Pigment
3. History of calcium silicate bricks
4. Manufacturing of calcium silicate bricks
4.1 Proportioning of materials
4.2 Mixing of materials
4.3 Compaction of materials
4.4 Hardening of bricks
4.5 Stacking and handling of bricks
5. Properties of sand lime bricks
6. Advantages of calcium silicate bricks
7. Disadvantages of calcium silicate bricks
8. Problems associated with calcium silicate bricks
Conclusion
References
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Blocks
1. Introduction
2. Raw materials used in manufacturing of AAC blocks
3. Specifications and performance summary of AAC blocks
3.1 Appearance
3.2 Size and Density
3.3 Structural Capability
3.4 Thermal Mass
3.5 Insulation
3.6 Sound insulation
3.7 Fire and Vermin Resistance
3.8 Durability and moisture resistance
3.9 Water absorption
3.10 Toxicity and breathability
3.11 Constructability, availability, and cost
4. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block walling system
4.1 Laying of blocks
4.2 Electrical and plumbing installations
4.3 Exterior finishes
4.4 Interior finishes
4.5 Service lines
4.6 Lintels
4.7 Plastering
4.8 Precautions while laying the AAC masonry blocks
5. Advantages of using AAC blocks
6. Disadvantages of AAC blocks
7. Comparative analysis of AAC blocks, clay bricks, and CLC blocks
8. Cost comparative analysis of AAC blockb, Clay Bricks, and CLC blocks
9. Environmental benefits of AAC blocks
Conclusion
References
Compressed Earth Blocks
1. Introduction
2. Basic components
2.1 Coarse particles
2.2 Fine particles
3. Addition of a binding agent
4. Block making machines
5. Manufacturing process
5.1 Analysis of the soil
5.2 Sifting of the soil
5.3 Preparation of the mix
5.4 Compaction of the blocks
5.5 Curing of the blocks
6. Size of blocks
7. Walling with soil cement blocks
7.1 Bonding of the blocks
7.2 Mortar requirement
7.3 Fixing of frames
8. Earthquake resistance of blocks
9. Energy savings
10. Advantages of compressed earth blocks
Stabilized Mud Blocks
1. Introduction
2. Soil Stabilization methods with different materials
2.1 Soil stabilization with cement
2.2 Soil stabilization using lime
2.3 Soil stabilization with bitumen
2.4 Chemical stabilization of soil
3. Identification of soil
4. Soil stabilization
4.1 Soil suitability and stabilization
5. Raw materials
6. Preparations of raw materials
6.1 The requirements for preparation
6.2 Breaking up of soil
6.3 Grinding followed by screening
6.4 Pulverization of soil
6.5 Sieving
6.6 Proportioning
6.7 Mixing
6.8 Quantity of materials needed
7. Molding of stabilized mud blocks
7.1 Standards for block production
7.2 Testing soil before block production
7.3 Curing
8. Advantages of compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB)
8.1 A local material
8.2 A bio-degradable material
8.3 Limiting deforestation
8.4 Management of resources
8.5 An adapted material
8.6 A transferable technology
8.7 Job creation opportunity
8.8 Market opportunity
8.9 Reducing imports
8.10 Flexible production scale
8.11 Energy efficiency and eco-friendliness
8.12 Cost efficiency
8.13 Social acceptance
9. Disadvantages of compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB)
Conclusion
References
Concrete Blocks
1. Introduction
2. Historical background of concrete blocks
3. Raw materials for precast concrete blocks
4. Design of precast concrete blocks
5. Concrete block construction method
5.1 Materials used in making concrete blocks
5.2 Mixes
5.3 Mixing
5.4 Mold
5.5 Proportion
5.6 Casting
5.7 Curing
5.8 Drying
6. Concrete block specifications
6.1 Dimensions
6.2 Cavities
6.3 Shell thickness
6.4 Joints
6.5 Aggregates
6.6 Density
6.7 Crushing strength
6.8 Drying shrinkage
6.9 Tolerances
6.10 Density
7. Types of concrete block or concrete masonry units
7.1 Solid concrete blocks
7.2 Hollow concrete blocks
8. Types of hollow concrete blocks
8.1 Concrete stretcher blocks
8.2 Concrete corner blocks
8.3 Concrete pillar blocks
8.4 Jamb concrete blocks
8.5 Partition concrete blocks
8.6 Lintel blocks
9. Size of concrete blocks
10. Building with concrete blocks
10.1 Design
11. Construction of precast concrete block masonry
11.1 Wetting of blocks
11.2 Laying
11.3 Provision for door and window frames
11.4 Intersecting Walls
11.5 Provisions for roof
11.6 Piers
11.7 Finishes
12. Advantages of concrete blocks
13. Comparison of hollow block and brick masonry
Conclusion
References
Reinforced Hollow Concrete Block Masonry
1. Introduction
2. Reinforced hollow concrete block wall
3. Structural hollow concrete blocks
4. Structural features
5. Precaution while laying RHCB masonry
6. Design details
References
Concrete Pavement Blocks
1. Introduction
2. Specifications of Grass Paver
3. Types of interlocking paver blocks
3.1 Regular block (heavy duty)
3.2 Irregular block (medium duty)
3.3 Grass paver block
3.4 Regular block (heavy duty)
3.5 Uni regular block (medium duty)
3.6 Grass paver block
4. Manufacturing of pavement blocks
4.1 Selection of raw materials
4.2 Batching and mixing
4.3 Transit of wet concrete mix
4.4 Casting of the block
4.5 Curing
4.6 Testing and quality control
5. Laying of pavement blocks
5.1 Leveling of sub-base
5.2 Laying of blocks
5.3 Compaction of surface
5.4 Joint filling of blocks
5.5 Final compaction
6. Characteristics features of pavement blocks
6.1 Durable
6.2 Practical
6.3 Simple installation
6.4 Versatile
6.5 Flexible
6.6 Attractive
6.7 Reusable
7. Advantages over conventional rigid concrete pavement blocks
7.1 Better resistance to wear and tear
7.2 Better thermal resistance
7.3 Ready to use after laying
7.4 Environmental friendly
7.5 High limiting deflection
7.6 All-weather construction
7.7 Weather resistant
7.8 Easy repair and maintenance
7.9 Safety
7.10 Facility for post construction underground works
7.11 Long term behavior
7.12 Fatigue
7.13 Low life cycle cost
Conclusion
References
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