Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Bioelectrochemical Systems

Cover
Half title
Title
Copyright
Contributors
Contents
Dedication
Preface
Foreword
About the editors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction to the microbial electrochemical system
1.1 Electrochemical cells and bioelectrochemical systems \(BESs\)
1.1.1 Historical development of BESs
1.2 Biological fundamentals of BESs
1.3 Electroactive biofilm
1.4 Applications of BESs
1.5 Electrodes and bioelectrodes
1.6 Membranes
1.7 Electrochemical cell design
1.8 Characterization of BESs
1.9 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 2 Electricity generation with the use of microbial electrochemical systems
2.1 Introduction to microbial electrochemical systems
2.2 Electrogenic organisms
2.3 Typical applications for microbial electrogenesis
2.3.1 Wastewater treatment and energy generation
2.3.2 Hydrogen generation
2.3.3 Biosensors
2.4 Principles of microbial electrochemical systems: fuel cells \(MFCs\) and electrolysis cells \(MECs\)
2.4.1 Microbial fuel cell
2.4.2 Microbial electrolysis cell
2.5 MFC performance: operation parameters
2.6 MFC optimization
2.6.1 Scaling criteria
2.6.2 MFC design: architectures and reported efficiencies
2.6.3 State of the art in MFC scaling-up
2.7 Challenges to improve MFC performance at real-life scale
2.7.1 Manufacturing, cost, carbon footprint, and comparison with clean electricity technologies
2.8 Perspectives, the future of MFCs
2.9 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3 Overview of wastewater treatment approaches related to the microbial electrochemical system
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Current research on wastewater treatment techniques
3.3 Comparison between conventional systems and microbial electrochemical systems for wastewater treatment
3.4 Classification of microbial electrochemical systems
3.5 Working principle and mechanism microbial electrochemical systems for wastewater treatment
3.6 Bottlenecks and troubleshooting involved in MESs
3.7 Conclusions and future prospects
References
Chapter 4 Synthesis and application of nanocomposite material for microbial fuel cells
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthesis of nanocomposite materials used in microbial fuel cells
4.2.1 Hydrothermal synthesis of nanocomposites
4.2.2 Sol-gel
4.2.3 Chemical reduction
4.2.4 Microwaves
4.2.5 Sonochemistry
4.2.6 Synthesis for polymers
4.3 Characterization of nanocomposites materials used as electrodes in microbial fuel cells
4.3.1 Structural characterization
4.3.2 Electrochemical characterization of nanomaterials
4.3.3 Evaluation of nanomaterials in microbial fuel cells
4.4 Nanoparticles-based electrodes
4.4.1 Anodes
4.4.2 Cathodes
4.5 Performance of nanomaterials in anodes and cathodes
4.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Classification of nanomaterials and nanocomposites for anode material
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Carbon-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites
5.2.1 Carbon nanotubes
5.2.2 Graphene and graphene oxide
5.2.3 Other carbonaceous nanomaterials and nanocomposites
5.3 Transition metal and/or transition metal oxide decorated carbonaceous anode
5.3.1 Transition metal modified carbonaceous anodes or transition metal/carbon nanocomposites
5.3.2 Transition metal oxide decorated carbonaceous anodes or transition metal oxide/carbon nanocomposites
5.3.3 Transition metal and transition metal oxide comodified carbonaceous anodes
5.4 Conductive polymers improved carbonaceous nanocomposites
5.5 Other nanocomposites \(transition metal/transition metal oxide/polymer/carbon/transition metal carbide, etc.\)
5.6 Other nanomaterials or nanostructure for improving anode performances
5.7 Future challenge of nanomaterial/nanocomposite material
5.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Properties of nanomaterials for microbial fuel cell application
6.1 Bioelectrochemical energy generation systems principle and types
6.2 Components of MFC
6.3 Properties of vital components and their intrinsic factors to enhance electricity output
6.3.1 Microorganisms
6.3.2 Biofilm
6.3.3 Electrode
6.3.4 Electron transport mechanisms between microorganisms and an electrode
6.3.5 Membranes
6.3.6 Ion exchange capacity \(IEC\)
6.3.7 Oxygen permeability
6.3.8 Membrane conductivity
6.4 Different types of nanomaterials in MFC
6.4.1 Nanomaterials used for anode modification and their intrinsic properties
6.4.2 Carbon materials
6.4.3 Metal nanoparticles
6.4.4 Transition metal-based nanoparticles \(metal sulfide, metal oxide, metal carbide\)
6.4.5 Polymers
6.4.6 Polyelectrolyte modified NMs
6.4.7 Nanomaterials used for cathode modification in MFC and their intrinsic properties
6.4.8 Nanomaterials used for membrane modification and their intrinsic properties
6.5 Outlook and future perspective
References
Chapter 7 Advanced nanocomposite material for wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Microbial fuel cell \(MFC\) as an emerging source of energy
7.3 Role of nanocomposite materials in MFCs
7.3.1 Proton exchange membranes based on nanocomposites
7.3.2 Nanocomposite materials for electrode fabrication
7.3.3 Application of MFCs in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment
7.4 Conclusions and future prospects
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 8 Nanostructured electrode materials in bioelectrocommunication systems
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Theory background
8.2.1 Nanostructure
8.3 Bioelectrochemical system
8.3.1 Bioelectrochemical systems: how they work
8.3.2 Extracellular electron transfer \(EET\)
8.4 Bioelectrochemical fuel cell
8.4.1 Electron transfer for MFC
8.4.2 Healthcare applications with bioelectrochemical systems
8.4.3 POC sensing systems
8.4.4 Wearable electrochemical sensing systems
8.5 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 9 Nanomaterials supporting biotic processes in bioelectrochemical systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Nanomaterials used in biocell
9.2.1 Carbon nanotubes
9.2.2 Gold nanoparticles
9.2.3 Silver nanoparticles
9.2.4 Zinc-modified nanoparticles in MFC activities
9.2.5 Others
9.3 Toxicity of NPs and toxicity reduction by NPs in MFC
9.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10 Nanomaterials supporting direct electron transport
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Mechanism of electron transfer-electron release
10.2.1 Mechanism of electron transfer-electron uptake
10.2.2 Role of the electrode in extracellular electron transfer
10.3 The current state of knowledge about electrode-bacteria interactions
10.3.1 Materials utilized in the cathode of the MES
10.3.2 Carbon-based cathode materials
10.3.3 Nanomodified carbon-based cathode materials
10.3.4 Photo-active semiconductors modified cathode
10.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 11 Nanomaterials supporting oxygen reduction in bio-electrochemical systems
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Material synthesis and characterization
11.2.1 Material synthesis
11.2.2 Material characterization
11.3 Role of nanomaterials in oxygen reduction in bio-electrochemical systems
11.3.1 Carbon-based nanomaterial catalyst
11.3.2 Metal^^e2^^80^^93carbon-based nanomaterial catalyst
11.3.3 Polymer-based nanomaterial catalyst
11.3.4 Metal/polymer/carbon-based nanomaterial composite catalyst
11.4 Chemical kinetics reaction mechanisms
11.5 Outlook and challenges
References
Chapter 12 Nanomaterials for ion-exchange membranes
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Ion exchange membranes \(IEMs\)
12.2.1 Types of IEMs
12.2.2 Fundamental properties of IEMs
12.3 Nanomaterials for IEMs
12.3.1 Use of nanomaterials in IEMs
12.4 Methods available for nanomaterials incorporation in IEMs
12.4.1 Solution blending
12.4.2 In situ polymerization
12.4.3 Melt mixing
12.4.4 In situ sol-gel
12.5 Nanomaterials used in IEMs
12.5.1 Carbon-based nanomaterials in IEMs
12.5.2 Graphene and its varieties in IEMs
12.5.3 Oxide-based nanomaterials in IEMs
12.5.4 Metal nanoparticle-based IEMs
12.6 Factors affecting the performance of nanomaterial incorporated IEMs
12.7 Applications of nanomaterial incorporated IEMs
12.8 Advantages and disadvantages of nanomaterial incorporated IEMs
12.9 Conclusion and future scopes
References
Chapter 13 Nanomaterials supporting indirect electron transport
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Nanomaterials supporting indirect electron transport in bioelectrochemical system
13.2.1 Nanomaterials as electron shuttles or redox mediators to facilitate indirect electron transport
13.2.2 Anode modification with nanomaterials to support indirect electron transport
13.3 Nanomaterials role in indirect electron transport in azo dyes reduction
13.3.1 Nanomaterials role in indirect electron transport in bioelectrochemical biosensor
13.3.2 Nanomaterials facilitate indirect electron transport for power or bioelectricity generation
13.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14 Techno-economic analysis of microbial fuel cells using different nanomaterials
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 MFCs into electricity generation
14.1.2 Direct electron transfer mechanism
14.2 Microbial fuel cells and energy
14.3 Circular bioeconomy of MFCs
14.4 Techno-economic assessment of MFCs
14.5 Performance of MFCs
14.6 Use of nanomaterials in MFCs
14.7 Market survey of nanomaterials
14.8 Life cycle assessment \(LCA\) of MFCs
14.9 Nanomaterials reusability
14.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15 Synthesis and application of carbon-based nanomaterials for bioelectrochemical systems
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Carbon-based nanomaterials and synthesis methods
15.2.1 Graphene-based NMs
15.3 Application of carbon-based nanomaterials in bioelectrochemical systems
15.3.1 Main principles of the bioelectrochemical systems
15.3.2 Microbial fuel cells
15.3.3 Electrode material selection
15.4 Graphene-based nanomaterials as the anode electrode
15.4.1 Physical amendment of graphene-based electrodes
15.4.2 Graphene modified anode with utilizing the conductive polymers
15.4.3 Graphene-modified anode composite with metal oxide
15.4.4 The principles behind the cathodic electrode side
15.4.5 Graphene-based cathode electrode for MFCs
15.5 Microbial electrolysis cells
15.5.1 The basic mechanism of microbial electrolysis cells
15.5.2 Graphene-based cathodic electrodes in value-added product
15.6 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 16 Synthesis and application of graphene-based nanomaterials for microbial fuel cells
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Materials for anode
16.3 Materials for cathode
16.4 Synthesis and application of graphene-based nanomaterials for microbial fuel cells
16.4.1 Introduction to graphene oxide
16.4.2 Synthesis method of graphene oxide
16.4.3 Synthesis of metal oxides with graphene oxide
16.5 Conclusion and future outlook
References
Chapter 17 Future development, prospects, and challenges in application of nanomaterials and nanocomposites
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Future developments
17.2.1 Electrode
17.2.2 Carbon-based nanomaterial
17.2.3 Metal-based nanomaterial
17.2.4 Nanocomposite material
17.2.5 Membrane
17.2.6 Metal organic frameworks
17.3 Perspectives
17.3.1 Research
17.3.2 Performance of MFCs
17.3.3 Scale up
17.4 Outlook and challenges
References
Index