This book summarizes recent and critical aspects of advanced materials for environmental protection and remediation. It explores the various development aspects related to environmental remediation, including design and development of novel and highly efficient materials, aimed at environmental sustainability. Synthesis of advanced materials with desirable physicochemical properties and applications is covered as well. Distributed across 13 chapters, the major topics covered include sensing and elimination of contaminants and hazardous materials via advanced materials along with hydrogen energy, biofuels, and CO2 capture technology.
Discusses the development in design of synthesis process and materials with sustainable approach.
Covers removal of biotic and abiotic wastes from the aqueous systems.
Includes hydrogen energy and biofuels under green energy production.
Explores removal of environmental (soil and air) contaminants with nanomaterials.
Reviews advanced materials for environmental remediation in both liquid and gas phases.
Author(s): Naveen Kumar, Peter Ramashadi Makgwane
Series: Emerging Materials and Technologies
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 334
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Advanced Materials towards Environmental Protection: Attributes and Progress
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Need for the Advanced Materials
1.2.1 Emerging Pollutants in Atmosphere
1.2.1.1 Pharmaceutical Residues
1.2.1.2 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDC)
1.2.1.3 Dyes and Dye-Containing Hazardous Substances
1.2.1.4 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Based Emerging Contaminants
1.2.1.5 Biocide Contaminants
1.2.1.6 Gaseous and Volatile Pollutants
1.2.2 Emerging Demand of Renewable and Clean Energy Resources
1.3 Design and Engineering of Advanced Materials
1.3.1 Doped Metal Compounds
1.3.2 Mixed Metal Compounds
1.3.3 Carbon Nitride (C[sub(3)]N[sub(4)])-Based Materials
1.3.4 Polymer-Assisted Materials
1.3.5 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
1.3.6 Mxene-Based Materials
1.3.7 Ionic Liquid (IL)-assisted Nanomaterials
1.3.8 Clay-Based Nanomaterials
1.3.9 Zeolite-Based Nanomaterials
1.4 Advanced Materials Application towards Sustainable Environment
1.4.1 Photocatalytic Decontamination
1.4.2 Hydrogen (H[sub(2)]) Production and Storage
1.4.3 Chemical Sensing
1.4.4 Adsorption
1.4.5 Lithium-Ion Batteries
1.5 Conclusion and Future Remarks
References
Chapter 2 Green Approaches to Catalytic Processes under Alternative Reaction Media
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Catalysis in the Green Chemistry Context
2.3 Alternative Solvents and Reaction Media
2.3.1 Water as Solvent for Catalytic Industrial Processes
2.3.2 Ionic Liquids in Industry
2.3.3 Carbon Dioxide and Other Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Catalysis
2.3.4 Renewable Solvents in Industry
2.4 Solventless Reactions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3 Sensing of Environmental Contaminants Using Advanced Nanomaterial
3.1 Introduction
3.2 pH Sensor
3.3 Humidity Sensor
3.4 Heavy Metal Sensor
3.4.1 Adsorption Methods
3.4.1.1 Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics
3.4.1.2 Adsorption Kinetics
3.4.2 Electrochemical Detection
3.4.3 Photocatalyst
3.4.4 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Nano-Engineered Hybrid Materials for Decontamination of Hazardous Organics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nano-Engineered Hybrid Materials for Adsorption Application
4.2.1 Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid
4.2.2 Graphene Oxide-Based Hybrids
4.2.3 Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Hybrids
4.2.4 Carbon Nanotube-Based Hybrid
4.2.5 Silica-Based Hybrid
4.2.6 Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-Based Hybrid
4.2.7 Natural Plant Seed Framework-Based Hybrid
4.2.8 Bio-Silica Xerogel-Based Hybrid
4.3 Nano-Engineered Hybrid Materials for Biodegradation Process
4.3.1 Providencia Vermicola-Based Hybrid
4.3.2 Phosphotriesterase-Based Hybrid
4.3.3 Bacillus Licheniformis-Based Hybrid
4.3.4 Laccase Enzyme-Based Hybrid
4.4 Nano-Engineered Hybrid Materials for Electrochemical Processes
4.4.1 Boron-Doped Diamond
4.4.2 Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays
4.4.3 Other Materials
4.5 Nano-Engineered Hybrid Materials for Filtration
4.6 Nano-Engineered Hybrid Materials for Photocatalysis
References
Chapter 5 Polyaniline-Based Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for the Elimination of Toxic Heavy Metals
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Preparation Methods
5.3 Materials Types
5.3.1 Polyaniline (PANI)
5.3.2 PANI-Based Nanocomposites
5.4 Removal of Heavy Metals
5.4.1 Photocatalytic Removal
5.4.2 Adsorption
5.5 Heavy Metal Removal Mechanisms
5.5.1 Mechanism of Photocatalysis
5.5.2 Mechanism of Adsorption
5.6 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives
References
Chapter 6 Emerging MXene-Based Materials for the Removal of Environmental Pollutants
6.1 Introduction
6.2 MXene and MXene-Based Materials for Adsorption-Based Environmental Remediation
6.2.1 Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater
6.2.2 Dye Degradation by MXenes
6.2.3 Radionuclide Elimination by MXenes
6.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Metal Oxide-Biochar Nanocomposites for the Effective Removal of Environmental Contaminants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Formation of Metal Oxide-Biochar Composites
7.2.1 Impregnation
7.2.2 Co-Precipitation Method
7.2.3 Pyrolysis
7.2.4 Ball Milling Method
7.2.5 Application of Ultrasound
7.3 Morphological Changes in the Metal-Oxide Composite
7.4 Application of Metal Oxide-Biochar Composites as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants
7.4.1 Removal of Organic Pollutants
7.4.2 Removal of Inorganic Pollutants
7.5 Catalytic Removal of Emerging Contaminants
7.5.1 General Mechanism of Photocatalytic Degradation
7.5.1.1 Adsorption
7.5.1.2 Photodegradation
7.5.1.3 Ozonization
7.5.2 Photocatalytic Applications of Biochar
7.6 Environmental Aspects of Metal Oxide/Biochar Composite
7.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Metal Organic Framework (MOF)-Based Advanced Materials for Clean Environment
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Synthetic Approaches
8.3 Capturing of Toxic Gases
8.4 Storage of Gases
8.5 Purification of Fuel
8.6 Water Treatment
8.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Photoactive Nanostructured Materials for Antibacterial Action: A Self-Sterilization
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Photoactive Nanomaterials
9.3 Mechanism of Antimicrobial Activity
9.3.1 Photocatalytic Disinfection
9.3.2 Photothermal Disinfection
9.4 Factors Affecting Kinetics of Light-Mediated Microbial Disinfection
9.5 Photocatalytic Antimicrobial Nanomaterials
9.5.1 Metal Oxide-Based Nanomaterials
9.5.2 Metal-Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
9.5.3 Metal-Organic Polymer-Based Nanomaterials
9.6 Photothermal Antimicrobial Nanomaterials
9.7 Future Perspective
References
Chapter 10 Advanced Materials for Hydrogen Production and Storage: A New Era of Clean Energy
10.1 Introduction: Background
10.2 Characteristic of Hydrogen as a Clean Energy Source
10.3 Utility of Hydrogen Production and Storage
10.4 Overview of Photocatalytic H[sub(2)] Generation
10.5 Characteristics of Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic H[sub(2)] Generation and Storage
10.5.1 Metal Organic Frameworks
10.5.2 Perovskite Oxides
10.5.3 Layered Double Hydroxides
10.5.4 Carbon Materials
10.5.5 Metal Sulfides
10.5.6 Metal Oxides
10.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Advancement in Biofuels Production: Sustainable Perception towards Green Energy and Environment
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Classification of Biofuels on the Basis of their Feedstock
11.2.1 Oil Extraction Methods for First-Generation Biofuels
11.2.2 Oil Extraction Methods for Second-Generation Biofuels
11.2.2.1 Conventional Solvent Extraction (CSE)
11.2.2.2 Physical-Supported Solvent Extraction (PSSE)
11.2.2.3 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
11.2.2.4 Novel Methods
11.2.3 Oil Extraction Methods for Third-Generation Biofuels
11.2.3.1 Extraction of Lipids from Algal Biomass Using CSE Method
11.2.3.2 Extraction of Lipids from Algal Biomass Using PSSE Method
11.2.3.3 Extraction of Lipids from Algal Biomass Using SFE Method
11.2.3.4 Extraction of Lipids from Algal Biomass Using Novel Method
11.2.4 Fourth-Generation Biofuels
11.3 Techniques Used in Production of Biofuels
11.3.1 Hydrolysis and Fermentation
11.3.2 Pyrolysis
11.3.3 Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL)
11.3.4 Anaerobic Digestion
11.3.5 Gasification
11.3.6 Transesterification
11.4 Purification of Biofuels
11.4.1 Distillation Process
11.4.2 Membrane-Based Process
11.4.3 Liquid-Liquid Extraction Process
11.4.4 Adsorption Process
11.5 Applications of Biofuels
11.6 Summary
References
Chapter 12 Advanced Fluids in Chemical Absorption of CO[sub(2)]: Development in CO[sub(2)] Capture Technology
Glossary Chemistry
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Conventional Solvents
12.2.1 Amine-Based Solvents
12.2.2 Aqueous Ammonia
12.2.3 Dual Alkali Process
12.2.4 Sodium Carbonate
12.2.5 Gas Absorption Membrane
12.3 Ionic Liquids
12.4 Cutting-Edge Solvents
12.4.1 Phase-Change Solvents
12.4.1.1 CO[sub(2)]-Loading-Dependent Biphasic Solvents
12.4.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Biphasic Solvents
12.4.1.3 Hydrate-Based Separation Solvents
12.4.2 Solid-Supported Liquid Solvents
12.4.2.1 Polymeric Solvents
12.4.2.2 Nanosolvents
12.4.2.3 Porous Liquid Solvents
12.5 Commercial Solvents Used at Industrial Scale
12.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO[sub(2)]
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Photocatalytic Reduction of CO[sub(2)]
13.3 Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO[sub(2)]
13.3.1 Titania (TiO[sub(2)])-Based Nanocomposites
13.3.2 Zinc Oxide (ZnO)-Based Nanocomposites
13.3.3 Tungsten Oxide (WO[sub(3)])-Based Nanocomposites
13.3.4 Copper Oxide (CuO & Cu[sub(2)]O)-Based Nanocomposites
13.3.5 Cerium Oxide (CeO[sub(2)])-Based Nanocomposites
13.3.6 Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO[sub(2)])-Based Nanocomposites
13.3.7 Other Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites
13.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Index
