Advanced Materials and Engineering Technologies

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 The Analysis of Mechanical Properties for Coconut Composites Using the Taguchi Method
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Methodology
1.3 Results and Discussion
1.4 Conclusion
References
2 Subsurface Characterization of Heat Treated Subtractive and Additive Manufactured (SLM) Ti6Al4V Specimens
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 Milling Process (Subtractive Manufacturing—SM)
2.2.2 Selective Laser Melting—SLM (Additive Manufacturing)
2.2.3 Stress Relieving and HT—(SM and AM)
2.2.4 Finishing Process
2.2.5 Surface Characterization
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.4 Conclusion
References
3 Determining the Alternative Type of Wood for Class a Fire Crib Test According to UL 2166 Standards
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methodology
3.2.1 Identification of Wood Sample
3.2.2 Study of Spruce, Fir, and Its Family
3.2.3 Pine Moisture Content Test
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Type of Wood Identification
3.3.2 Reaction of Wood to the Fire
3.3.3 Results of Pine Moisture Rate for Fire Crib Test
3.4 Conclusion
References
4 Prediction of Malaysian Talus Bone Morphology Using Artificial Intelligence
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methodology
4.2.1 Procedure for Collecting Data/Measurement of Talus Bone Morphology
4.2.2 Prediction of Talus Bone Morphology via Artificial Intelligence
4.3 Result and Discussion
4.4 Conclusion
References
5 Finite Element Method Study: The Effect of Insertion Torque and Angle on Pedicle Screw Loosening
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methodology
5.2.1 Finite Element Method
5.2.2 Finite Element Model Validation
5.2.3 Insertion Angle
5.2.4 Insertion Torque
5.3 Result and Discussion
5.3.1 The Effect of Insertion Angle on Screw-Bone Performance
5.3.2 The Effect of Insertion Torque on Screw-Bone Performance
5.4 Conclusion
References
6 The Effect of PLA/HA Coating Thickness on Crack Formation and Corrosion Performance
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methodology
6.3 Results and Discussion
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 Rudder Stock Vibration in Different Materials on Boat Hulls
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methodology
7.2.1 Experimental Planning
7.2.2 Development of the Experiment
7.2.3 Method to Collect Data
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 Natural Superhydrophobic Material as Alternative Substance in Antifouling Paint
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Methodology
8.2.1 Procedures
8.2.2 Experimental Planning
8.2.3 Parameters of the Experiment
8.2.4 Data Table
8.2.5 Method of Collecting Data
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.4 Conclusion
References
9 Analysis of Safety of Navigation Compliance among Flag of Convenience’s Ships that Factors of Ship Collision and Grounding: A Review
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Flag of Convenience
9.1.2 Major Cause of Accident at Sea
9.2 Results and Discussion
9.3 Conclusion
References
10 A Portable Hydro Generator for Fishing Boats
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methodology
10.2.1 Experimental Parameters
10.2.2 Development of the Experiment
10.2.3 Method of Collecting Data
10.3 Results and Discussion
10.3.1 Sources of Data
10.3.2 Result of Experiment
10.4 Conclusion
References
11 Natural Oleophilic Materials Study for Oil Pollution at Estuaries
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methodology
11.2.1 Parameter
11.2.2 Raw Materials
11.2.3 Preparation of Material
11.2.4 Flowchart of Experiment
11.2.5 Method of Data Collection
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.4 Conclusion
References
12 Mushroom House Monitoring System at Pondok Seri Permai, Pasir Puteh, Kelantan
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Methodology
12.3 Software Implementation
12.4 Result and Discussion
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 The Effect of Hilbert Curve Pattern Intensity in ASTM D638 Type III on Stress Concentration and Cyclic Application
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Methodology
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.4 Conclusion
References
14 Sound Vibration Signal Enhancement for Bearing Fault Detection by Using Adaptive Filter: Adaptive Noise Canceling and Adaptive Line Enhancer
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Methodology
14.2.1 Theory
14.2.2 Simulation Work
14.2.3 Experimental Works
14.3 Results and Discussion
14.3.1 Simulation Results
14.3.2 Experimental Results
14.4 Conclusion
References
15 Effect of Needle Size and Needle Height to Substrate in Encapsulation Process of LED Packaging
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Methodology
15.3 Results and Discussion
15.4 Conclusion
References
16 Microstructure Observation and Microhardness Study of Friction Stir Welded Blank of Aluminum to Steel
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Methodology
16.3 Results and Discussion
16.3.1 Macrostructure
16.3.2 Microstructure
16.3.3 Intermetallic Compound
16.3.4 Microhardness
16.4 Conclusion
References
17 A Study on the Electromagnetic Radiation in Human Head Tissues on 5G Mobile Exposure
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Methodology
17.3 Results and Discussion
17.4 Conclusion
References
18 Design of Green Ship Recycling Yards: A Review
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Ship Recycling Process
18.3 Ship Recycling Method
18.4 Ship Recycling Yard Facilities and Layout
18.5 Current Issues and Research in Green Ship Recycling Yards
18.6 Summary
References
19 Passenger’s Behavior Recognition System Using Computer Vision
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Materials and Methods
19.3 Results
19.4 Discussion
19.5 Conclusion
References
20 A Review of WSN Clustering Algorithms for Low Powered IoT Protocols
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Clustering Challenge
20.3 Methodology
20.3.1 Low Energy Adaption Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)
20.3.2 Hybrid Energy Efficient Distribution Clustering (HEED)
20.3.3 K-Means Algorithms
20.3.4 Formation of an Equal Size Cluster
20.3.5 Cluster Connectivity to Sink
20.4 Conclusion
References
21 Electrochemical Activities of C/GNP Electrode for Ultrasensitive Immunosensors
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Methodology
21.3 Results and Discussion
21.4 Conclusion
References
22 Development of an Atmospheric Drinking Water Generator
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Methodology
22.3 Results and Discussion
22.4 Conclusion
References
23 Development of Mobile Applications for Monitoring and Managing Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Methodology
23.2.1 Analysis Phase
23.2.2 Design Phase
23.2.3 Development Phase
23.2.4 Implementation Phase
23.2.5 Evaluation
23.3 Results and Discussion
23.4 Conclusion
References
24 IoT-Based Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System Using SAMD21 ARM Cortex Processor
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Methodology
24.3 Results and Discussion
24.4 Conclusion
References
25 The Development of a Fish Counting Monitoring System Using Image Processing
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Methodology
25.3 Results and Discussion
25.4 Conclusion
References
26 NodeMCU Based Monitoring System for Individuals with Covid-19 Self-quarantined Order
26.1 Introduction
26.2 System Description
26.3 Results and Discussion
26.4 Conclusion
References
27 Women Safety Device with Real-Time Monitoring
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Analysis of the Previous Works
27.3 Methodology
27.4 Results and Discussion
27.5 Conclusion
References
28 Experiencing Layout Design Techniques from Highly Skilled IC Design Engineers
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Project Methodology
28.3 The Full Custom Layout Design Flow
28.4 Layout Design Stages and Issues
28.4.1 Floorplanning
28.4.2 Wire Size for Power Grid
28.4.3 Wire Direction
28.4.4 Bond Pad Placement
28.4.5 Metal Density
28.4.6 Matching
28.4.7 Transistor Arrangement
28.4.8 Fingering
28.5 Layout of Battery Switchover IC (BSIC) Chip
28.6 Conclusion
References
29 Development of Blynk IoT Platform Weather Information Monitoring System
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Methodology
29.2.1 Project Development
29.2.2 Hardware Component
29.2.3 Software Development
29.3 Results and Discussion
29.4 Conclusion
References
30 IoT Based Home Security for Housing Areas
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Methodology
30.2.1 Hardware Setup
30.2.2 Circuit Diagram
30.2.3 Flow Chart
30.3 Results and Discussion
30.3.1 User View Mode
30.3.2 Administrative Mode
30.4 Conclusion
References
31 Malay Cued Speech Recognition Using Image Analysis: A Review
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Literature Review on Cued Speech
31.2.1 Existing Cued Speech Transliterate System
31.2.2 Depth Sensor Camera
31.2.3 Finger Tracking
31.2.4 Glove-Based
31.3 Requirement of Cued Speech Recognition
31.3.1 System Overview
31.3.2 Proposed Method
31.3.3 Dataset, Test, and Evaluation
31.4 Conclusion
References
32 The Analysis on Haze Attenuation in 5G Millimeter Wave: A Case Study
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Analysis of Previous Works
32.3 Methodology
32.4 Results and Discussion
32.5 Conclusion
References
33 Performance of Propagation for Millimetre-Wave Frequency: Case Study
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Methodology
33.2.1 Simulation Workflow
33.2.2 Antenna Characterisation for the Mobile User Antenna
33.2.3 Antenna Characterisation for the Base Station
33.2.4 Prediction Parameter for the Propagation Simulation
33.3 Results and Discussion
33.3.1 Return Loss and Antenna Pattern for the Antenna Design
33.3.2 Propagation Performance
33.4 Conclusion
References
34 Uninterruptible Power Supply System Configuration Reliability Studies
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) Method
34.2.1 DC UPS system—With Generator
34.2.2 DC UPS System—Without Generator
34.3 Results and Discussion
34.3.1 DC UPS MTBF Comparison
34.3.2 Battery Back-Up Time (T)
34.3.3 Sensitivity Analysis of DC UPS MTBF
34.3.4 Probability of Failures
34.3.5 Unavailability Comparison
34.4 Conclusion
References
35 Mock-Up Green Building Thermal Comfort Studies
35.1 Introduction
35.1.1 Impact of Building Material on Building Thermal Comfort
35.2 Methodology
35.3 Results and Discussion
35.4 Conclusion
References