This book highlights different domains of functional polymers from membranes and coatings to composite materials. It includes their synthesis routes and techniques, characterization, properties, and applications. The book also provides the basics and advances about different functional polymers and composites with an up-to-date progress in the field of research and their application on a domestic and industrial scale. The main topics to be covered include polymeric membranes, paints and coatings, smart polymers, self-healing elastomers, biodegradable polymers, food packaging, and functional composite materials.
Author(s): Khubab Shaker, Asif Hafeez
Series: Engineering Materials
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 218
City: Singapore
Contents
Introduction to “Advanced Functional Polymers: Synthesis to Applications”
Stereospecific Polymerization Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Conventional Polymerization Techniques
2.1 Bulk Polymerization
2.2 Solution Polymerization
2.3 Emulsion Polymerization
2.4 Suspension Polymerization
3 Advanced Polymerization
3.1 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)
3.2 Reversible Addition/Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT)
4 Vinyl Polymerization
4.1 Stereospecific Isotactic Polymerization
4.2 Stereospecific Syndiotactic Polymerization
4.3 Stereospecific Heterotactic Polymerization
5 Stereoregularity and Polymer Properties
5.1 Thermomechanical Properties
5.2 Electrical Properties
6 Conclusion
References
Lamellar Membranes
1 Introduction
2 Lamellar Membranes
2.1 Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Nanosheets
2.2 Preparation of Nano-Channeled Lamellar Membrane
3 Mechanism of Transportation
3.1 Porous Nanosheet-Based Lamellar Membranes
3.2 Non-Porous Nanosheet-Based Lamellar Membranes
3.3 Transportation Through Interlayer Channels
3.4 Transportation Through Membrane Nanopores
4 Nanochannel Architecture and Its Regulation
4.1 Surface Functionalization
4.2 Nonporous 2D Nanomaterials
4.3 Intrinsically Porous 2D Nanosheets
4.4 Perforated 2D Nanosheets
5 Conclusion
References
Polymeric Paints and Coatings
1 Introduction
1.1 Features of Polymeric Paint and Coating
2 Physically Drying Polymeric Coatings
2.1 Latex Paints
2.2 2 K Water-Borne Polyurethanes (PU) Coatings
2.3 2 K Water-Borne Epoxy Coatings
2.4 Water-Borne Stoving Enamels
3 Solvents-Borne Polymeric Coatings
3.1 CN (Cellulose Nitrate) Based Polymeric Coating
3.2 Elastomeric (Modified Rubbers) Coating
3.3 Oxidatively Cure Paint
3.4 Alkyd Based Paint
3.5 2 K Polymeric Coatings (PU, Epoxies)
3.6 Two-Components Polyurethane Paints
3.7 Two-Components Epoxy Paints
4 Stoving Enamels
5 Solvent Free Polymeric Varnishes
5.1 Solvent-Free 2 K Epoxy Varnishes
5.2 Radiation Curing Systems
5.3 UV Curing
5.4 Curing by Electro-Beam
5.5 Powder Coating
5.6 Composition of Powder Coatings and Superior Characteristics
6 Functional Polymeric Coatings
6.1 Self‐healing Polymeric Coatings
6.2 Antibacterial Polymeric Coatings
6.3 Novel Marine Antifouling Coatings (AF)
6.4 Poly (Zwitterionic) Non-fouling (NF) Coatings
References
Smart Polymers and Composites
1 Introduction
2 Temperature-Responsive Polymers for Hydrogels Applications
2.1 Types of Temperature-Responsive Polymers
2.2 Applications of Thermoresponsive Polymers
3 Conductive Polymers for Bioelectronic Applications
3.1 PEDOT: PSS Dispersion
3.2 Applications of Biopolymer Diffusions
4 Polymer-Based Nano Sorbents for Dye Removal Applications
4.1 Types of Polymeric Adsorbents
5 Smart Polymer for Fuel Cell Applications
5.1 Working Mechanism of Fuel Cell
5.2 Types of Fuel Cells
5.3 Polymeric Materials as Electrolytes
5.4 Materials as Electrodes
5.5 Synthesis of Electrodes
5.6 Synthesis of Membrane Electrolyte
6 Polymer-Based Smart Membrane Composite Applications
6.1 Polymeric Materials for Membrane Preparation
6.2 Polymeric Membrane Preparation
6.3 Applications
7 Polymer-Based Functional Bio-nanocomposite for Smart Applications
7.1 Nano Materials
7.2 Categories of Bio-degradable Materials
7.3 Classification of Polymer Nanocomposites
7.4 Polymer Nanocomposite Preparation Methods
7.5 Applications
8 pH-Responsive Polymers for Biomedical Applications
8.1 Working Mechanism of pH-Responsive Polymers
8.2 Functional Groups in PH-Responsive Polymers
8.3 Synthesis of pH-Responsive Polymers
8.4 Biomedical Application
8.5 Encrypted Polymers
9 Smart Polymeric Coatings for Biomedical Applications
9.1 Methods of Biopolymer Coating
9.2 Biopolymer Coatings on Nanoparticles
9.3 Application
10 Conclusion
References
Self-healing Elastomers
1 Introduction
1.1 Natural Self-healing Phenomenon
1.2 Self-healing Mechanism in Nature
1.3 Plants as Idea Generators or Inspiration Sources
1.4 Self-healing Mechanism in Polymers
2 Evolution of Self-healing Polymers
2.1 Key Concepts in Self-healing
2.2 Timeline of Self-healing Polymers
2.3 Fourth Generation of Self-healing Elastomers
2.4 Different Categories of Self-healing Elastomers
3 Applications
4 Conclusions
References
Synthetic-Origin Biodegradable Polymers
1 Why the Planet Needs Biodegradable Plastics?
2 Introduction to Biodegradability
2.1 Biotic Degradation
2.2 Abiotic Degradation
3 Classification of Synthetic-Origin Polymers
3.1 Synthetic-Origin Biodegradable Polymers
3.2 Aromatic/Aliphatic Co-polyesters
3.3 Vinyl Polymers
3.4 Biodegradable Polyurethanes
4 Conclusions
References
Bioinspired Polymer Composite Implants
1 Introduction
2 Nature of Bone Healing
3 Why Composites?
4 Materials for Composite Implants
4.1 Non-degradable Materials
4.2 Partially Degradable Materials
4.3 Fully Degradable Materials
5 Implant Types and Their Applications
5.1 Screws
5.2 Bone Plates
5.3 Intramedullary Nails
6 Fabrication Techniques
6.1 Melt Extrusion
6.2 Hot Compression Molding
6.3 Injection Molding
6.4 Additive Manufacturing
7 Future Directions; Challenges and Opportunities
References
Functional Polymers and Composites for Zero Gravity
1 What Is Zero Gravity?
1.1 Systems Used in Zero Gravity
1.2 Environment in LEO
1.3 Material Requirements for Satellites
2 Materials Used for Zero-G Applications
2.1 Polymers in Space
2.2 Shape Memory Polymers
2.3 Polymer Aerogels
2.4 Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
2.5 Fiber Metal Laminates
2.6 Lunar Dust Adhesion Mitigation Materials
2.7 Atomic Oxygen Resistant Coatings for LEO
3 Zero Gravity Research Facility
4 Future Trends
References
Modern Characterization Techniques for Functional Polymers
1 Introduction
2 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
3 Thermomechanical Analysis
4 Atomic Force Microscopy
5 Probe Technique
6 Inverse Gas Chromatography
7 Gel Permeation Chromatography
References
Polymer Recycling Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Polymer Pollution
3 Systems for Polymer Recycling
4 Recycling of Thermoplastics
4.1 Primary Recycling Techniques
4.2 Secondary Recycling Techniques
4.3 Tertiary Recycling Techniques
4.4 Quaternary Recycling Techniques
4.5 Applications of Recycled Thermoplastics
5 Recycling of Thermosets
5.1 Mechanical Recycling Techniques
5.2 Thermal Recycling Techniques
5.3 Chemical Recycling Techniques
5.4 Inherent Recyclability in Thermosets
5.5 Applications of Recycled Thermosets
References
