AceGamsat - The Biology Bible

MACROMOLECULES 1
CARBOHYDRATES 1
NUCLEIC ACIDS 3
PROTEINS 8
LIPIDS 10
THE CELL 12
CELL THEORY 12
CELL SIZE 12
VISUALISATION OF CELLS 13
CELL STRUCTURE 14
PROKARYOTES 16
EUKARYOTES 17
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM 19
MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS 20
CYTOSKELETON 21
CELL MOVEMENT 22
FUNGI 22
VIRUS 23
THE CELL MEMBRANE 24
STRUCTURE 24
PHOSPHOLIPIDS 25
PASSIVE TRANSPORT 26
ACTIVE TRANSPORT 27
ENDOCYTOSIS AND EXOCYTOSIS 28
ENERGY, METABOLISM, AND RESPIRATION 30
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) 30
CELLULAR METABOLISM 30
GLYCOLYSIS 32
AEROBIC RESPIRATION 34
KREBS CYCLE 35
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN 36
ENZYMES 37
MITOSIS AND THE CELL CYCLE 43
BINARY FISSION 43
EUKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE 44
INTERPHASE 45
M PHASE 45
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND MEIOSIS 48
STAGES OF MEIOSIS 49
MEIOSIS VS MITOSIS 51
GENETICS 53
OVERVIEW 53
MENDEL'S FIRST LAW: THE LAW OF SEGREGATION 55
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE 56
CODOMINANCE 57
PUNNETT SQUARES 57
MENDEL'S SECOND LAW: THE LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT 59
MALE VS FEMALE CHROMOSOMES 59
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 62
RESTING POTENTIAL 64
ACTION POTENTIAL 65
THE SYNAPSE 66
TYPES OF NEURONS 67
DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 68
THE EYE 72
THE EAR 74
THE NOSE AND MOUTH 75
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 76
CHEMISTRY OF HORMONES 77
HORMONES IN DETAIL 80
REPRODUCTION 83
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 83
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 85
THE DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEM 87
MOUTH AND OESOPHAGUS 88
THE STOMACH 88
THE SMALL INTESTINE 89
THE PANCREAS 91
THE LIVER AND GALL BLADDER 92
THE LARGE INTESTINE 94
ABSORPTION 94
THE KIDNEY 95
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 99
ANATOMY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 99
BLOOD VESSELS 102
THE BLOOD 103
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 106
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 109
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 111
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM 113
SKELETAL MUSCLE 113
CARDIAC MUSCLE 114
SMOOTH MUSCLE 114
BONES 115
CARTILAGE 118
JOINTS 119
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 120
HOMEOSTASIS 122
APPENDIX 124