A growing body of research demonstrates the potential benefits of the administration of inositol isomers in the treatment of many different disorders, from reproductive to metabolic diseases.
A Clinical Guide to Inositols discusses scientific evidence of inositol-based treatments in different clinical fields to provide clinicians with a practical guide to use inositol supplementation within pathological conditions. Each chapter covers a specific disorder and describes aspects of the application of inositol in clinical practice, discussing the physio-pathologic features of the health condition and scientific evidences of the effects of inositol treatment.This book is a valuable resource to researchers and clinicians looking for a clear understanding of clinical effects of inositol supplementation and a practical guide on inositol-based treatments.
Author(s): Vittorio Unfer, Didier Dewailly
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 270
City: London
Cover
A Clinical Guide to Inositols
Copyright
Contributors
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction to the history of inositols: A tale of scientists
Inositol: Early characterization in plants
Inositol in animals: From metabolism to its pivotal roles in signaling processes
Inositol in clinical practice: Early findings and stereoisomers
References
Physiological and pathophysiological roles of inositols
Introduction
Evolution of inositols
Activity of myo-Ins and its stereoisomers
Glycemic control
Human reproduction
myo-Ins-derived phospholipids
Natural sources of inositols
Inositol endogenous synthesis and catabolism
Inositol transport system
Inositols levels in plasma and tissues
Inositols: From the physiology to the pathophysiology
References
Effectiveness of Myo- and d-chiro-inositol in the treatment of metabolic disorders
Introduction
The global ``metabolic epidemic´´: Common soil for a clustering of disorders
Prevalence and clinical manifestations
Pathophysiological components of metabolic disease
Energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism: The emerging role of inositols
Inositols are physiologically involved in insulin signaling
Inositols are involved in insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells
Molecular mechanisms and metabolic effects: Experimental and animal data
Myo-inositol (MI)
d-Chiro-inositol (DCI)
d-Pinitol (DPI)
Translating the pathogenetic background into a putative therapeutic role of inositols in metabolic disease
Targeting obesity
Targeting insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Targeting other aspects of metabolic syndrome
Conclusions
References
Treating PCOS with inositols: Choosing the most appropriate myo- to d-chiro-inositol ratio
Introduction: PCOS and polycystic ovaries
Mechanisms of action of inositol and its role in PCOS
Inositols and glucose metabolism
Inositols and steroidogenesis
Clinical and preclinical data
Inositols in PCOS treatment
The 40:1 approach
High d-chiro-inositol dosage
Intestinal absorption of inositols
Conclusion
References
Overcoming inositol resistance
Introduction
Effect of inositols on glucose homeostasis in PCOS
Effect of inositols on ovarian function in PCOS
Inositol resistance
Conclusions
References
Myo-inositol could restore peripheral inositol depletion induced by treatments for psychiatric and neurologica ...
Introduction
Side effects of the pharmacological therapies: Consequences of peripheral inositol depletion
The efficacy of inositol supplementation
Effectiveness and safety of inositols: A matter of dosages and ratios
Conclusions
References
The role of inositols in maternal adaptation, placental function, and regulation of fetal growth and development
Introduction
Maternal adaptation to pregnancy
Insulin resistance and gestational diabetes
Cardiovascular system and preeclampsia
Lipid metabolism and mobilization
Placenta as a regulator of nutrient/waste exchange and maternal-fetal communication
The placenta as a regulator of maternal-fetal exchange of nutrition and waste
Circulation in the placenta
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion across the placental barrier
Transport of nutrients across the placenta
Glucose transport
Amino acid transport
Fatty acid transport
Na, K, Cl, and calcium transport
The placenta as a mediator of maternal-fetal communications through extracellular vesicles
Metabolism and passage of inositol across the maternal-placental-fetal axis
Inositols in the regulation of fetal growth and development
Neural tube defects
Fetal lung maturation and neonatal respiratory distress
Fetal growth and size at birth
Altered placental inositols in GDM and preeclampsia could impact fetal growth
Conclusion
References
Inositol and the prevention of adverse fetal outcomes, with particular reference to neural tube defects
Introduction
Neural tube defects (NTDs)
Types of NTD
Causes of NTDs
Primary prevention of NTDs-Folic acid (FA) supplementation
Inositol and prevention of NTDs
Counseling families at risk of NTD recurrence
Conclusions and future directions
References
Inositol supplementation for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) around the World: Basics and problematics
Classification and definition
Diabetes in pregnancy
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Diagnosing GDM
Diagnostic criteria
GDM-related complications
Maternal complications
Fetal and neonatal complications
Fetal programming and childhood complications
Long-term maternal effects
Prevention and treatment of GDM with inositol
The role of inositol in insulin signaling
Current management of GDM
Nutritional supplementation for preventing and/or treating GDM
Inositols for GDM prevention
Inositols for GDM treatment
Conclusions
References
Use of myo-inositol in the treatment of PCOS symptoms in adolescents
Prevalence and etiology
Diagnostic challenges
Clinical manifestations and consequences
Management
Pharmacological therapies
PCOS and myo-inositol
Conclusion
References
Treatments with inositols in IVF procedures
Introduction
Inositols in the male reproductive process
Male treatment
Inositols in the female reproductive process
PCOS metabolism and ovulation: MI and DCI supplementation
Anovulation and DCI
Inositols and assisted reproduction technologies (ART)
References
Supplementation with d-chiro-inositol in women
Introduction
Inositol properties
Biochemistry
DCI role in the hormonal signaling pathway
DCI supplementation
DCI properties
PCOS
Ovulation
Endometriosis
Uterine myomas
Endometrial hyperplasia
Breast and endometrial tumors
Mood disorder
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
The ovarian paradox
Safety
Conclusion
References
Application of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol in andrological issues
Introduction
Role of myo-inositol in male fertility
Role of d-chiro-inositol in male fertility
Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant treatments
The antioxidant system in the male fertility
Antioxidant supplementation for male fertility
Conclusions
References
Myo-inositol for subclinical hypothyroidism and potential prevention of thyroid tumors
Introduction
Myo-inositol and hypothyroidism
Myo-inositol and subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy
Myo-inositol in thyroid tumorigenesis
Conclusions
References
Inositols as adjuvant treatments in oncology
Introduction (how it all began)
Epidemiological clues
Inositol and cancer: Basic mechanisms
Antioxidant effects
Modulation of immune system
Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6): The cumulated evidence
Inositol and cancer types
Colorectal cancers
Breast cancer
Lung cancers
Hematological cancers
Melanoma
Brain tumor
Endocrine cancers
Thyroid cancer
Neuroendocrine neoplasms
Adrenal tumor
Role of insulin resistance in endocrine tumors
Chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of InsP6 in animal studies
Clinical trials on inositol in human cancers
Colorectal cancer
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
Perspectives and outstanding issues
Conclusions
References
Index
