A Chinese Perspective on WTO Reform

Contents
The Influence of WTO Agreements on China’s FTAs
1 The Development of China’s FTAs and Its Free Trade Area Strategy
1.1 The Expansion and Deepening Trend of China’s FTAs
1.2 China’s Free Trade Area Strategy
2 The WTO Agreements’ Influence on China’s FTAs
2.1 The Effects of the WTO Agreements and FTAs in China
2.2 Application of the WTO agreements and FTAs in China
2.3 The WTO’s Influence on China’s FTAs
3 Analysis of China's FTAs Directly Citing the WTO
4 Text Similarity Analysis Between China’s FTAs and the WTO: Based on the China-New Zealand Agreement and the RCEP
4.1 Full-Text Similarity Analysis
4.2 Comparison of Chapters on Government Procurement
4.3 Comparison of E-commerce Chapters
5 Conclusions
Evolution of Sustainable Development Preservation in RTAs: Progression and Challenges for China
1 The Evolution of Sustainable Development in the Regime of International Law
2 The Regulation of Sustainable Development Preservation by the WTO
2.1 SD-Oriented Provisions in the WTO Framework
2.2 WTO Dispute Settlement Catering to Sustainable Development Objectives
3 Evolution of Normalization of Sustainable Development in FTAs and IIAs
3.1 The Phase Before the Remultilateralized Trading System
3.2 New Trends in the Remultilateralized Trading System
4 China’s Practices Under the WTO and FTAs
4.1 China’s Performance Under the WTO
4.2 Overview of Sustainable Development Preservation in China’s FTAs
4.3 Evolution of Sustainable Development Preservation in the RCEP and CAI
5 The Reconciliation of China’s Legislation: Challenges and Suggestions
5.1 Challenges
5.2 Suggestions
Intellectual Property Protection in Free Trade Zones: Main Issues from China’s Perspective in the International Context
1 Introduction
2 Legal Status of FTZs and Application of IP Laws in Them
2.1 Legal Status of FTZs and Goods Within Them
2.2 Application of IP Laws in FTZs: Substantive Rules and Border Measures
3 IP Protection for Goods Typically Related to FTZs: China’s Practices in the International Context
3.1 Overview of Goods Typically Related to FTZs
3.2 Goods in Transit
3.3 Parallel Importation
3.4 Label Processing for Exportation
4 China’s Legal System Related to IP Protection in FTZs and the Path for Improvement
4.1 General Features: Broader Scope of China’s FTZs with Their Key Functions Under Customs Law
4.2 Status Quo of China’s IP Protection Through the Customs Enforcement Legal System from the Perspective of FTZs
4.3 Path of Improvement for China’s Relevant Legal System
5 Conclusion
Divergences in WTO E-commerce Negotiations and Promotion Paths
1 Introduction
2 WTO E-commerce Negotiations Progress Review
2.1 The Progress of WTO Electronic Commerce Negotiations
2.2 Main Contents of Consolidated Text of WTO E-commerce Negotiations
2.3 Summary: Consensuses and Divergences in WTO E-commerce Negotiations
3 Proposals and Divergences of Members on WTO E-commerce Negotiations
3.1 Cross-Border Data Flow Rules and Exceptions
3.2 Taxation on Digital Products or Services
3.3 Facilitation of Cross-Border E-commerce
3.4 The Liability of Digital Platforms
4 Development of Electronic Commerce and Digital Trade Rules in Free Trade Agreements and the Impact on WTO E-commerce Negotiations
4.1 E-commerce and Digital Trade Rules of FTAs
4.2 High-Quality Digital Trade Rules as Converged by Developed Countries
4.3 Impacts on WTO E-commerce Negotiations
5 Countermeasures and Suggestions for WTO E-commerce Negotiations
5.1 Reaching a Preliminary Agreement Based on Common Understanding
5.2 Exception Rules as Means for Achieving Negotiation Objectives
5.3 Realizing High-Standard Agreement Through Progressive Opening
Free Pass or Constructive Response? Assessing China’s WTO Performance
1 Introduction
2 The Phenomenon of the Free Pass in the WTO and Its Negative Effects
3 The Free Pass in the WTO and Its Institutional Origins
4 The Bridge Side of the Free Pass in the WTO
5 Conclusions
Empirical Evolution of the WTO Security Exceptions Clause and China’s Discourse
1 Introduction
2 Application and Interpretation of the Security Exceptions Clause in WTO Dispute Settlement Practice
3 A Textual Study of the Security Exceptions Clause: Contextual Interpretation and Inherent Balance
4 A Multidimensional Investigation of the More Balanced Approach to the Security Exceptions Clause
5 China’s Attitudes Toward Coordinating and Promoting a More Balanced Security Exceptions Clause
6 Conclusion
Trade Control and WTO Law: Examining the Adequacy of the GATT Exception
1 Introduction
2 Trade Control: Legality Under International Law
2.1 Unilateral Economic Sanctions: Legality Under International Law
2.2 Trade Control: Legality Under International Law
2.3 Trade Control: Legality Under WTO Rules
3 Potential Justification for Trade Control: Public Morals Exception
3.1 Substantive Requirements
3.2 Procedural Requirements
4 Potential Justification for Trade Control: Security Exception
4.1 Other Emergency in International Relations
4.2 Essential Security Interests
4.3 Necessary for the Protection
5 Anti-foreign Sanctions Law and Linkages to the WTO
5.1 Legal Practice of Anti-foreign Sanctions
5.2 Possible Violations of WTO Law
5.3 Potential Justification for Anti-foreign Sanctions
5.4 Toward a Better WTO-Consistent Anti-foreign Sanctions Regime
6 Concluding Remarks
References