Recent years have seen an exponential increase in video and multimedia traffic transported over the internet and broadband access networks. This timely resource addresses the key challenge facing many service providers today: effective bandwidth management for supporting high-quality video delivery. Written by a recognized expert in the field, this practical book describes ways to optimize video transmission over emerging broadband networks. Moreover, the book explores new wireless access networks that can enable video connectivity both inside and outside the residential premise.
Author(s): Benny Bing
Edition: 1
Publisher: Artech House Publishers
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 318
3D and HD Broadband Video Networking......Page 1
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 13
1.1 Wither the Set-Top Box and Digital Video Recorder?......Page 17
1.2 The Rise of HD and 3D Video......Page 18
1.3 Video Content Distribution......Page 19
1.4 Content Quality versus Video Quality......Page 23
1.5 Multiscreen Video......Page 25
1.6 Mobile Video......Page 27
1.7 Streaming Protocols......Page 29
1.9 Conclusions......Page 30
Exercises......Page 31
2.1 Introduction......Page 35
2.3 Broadband Cable Networks......Page 38
2.3.1 DOCSIS Standard......Page 39
2.4.3 Real-Time Transport Streaming Protocol (RTSP)......Page 45
2.4.4 Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP)......Page 46
2.4.5 TCP and HTTP......Page 47
2.4.6 TCP Operation in an Access Network......Page 48
2.4.8 Optimizing TCP Operation on the Internet......Page 49
2.5 Link Quality Measurement......Page 50
2.6 MPEG Video Encapsulation......Page 53
2.7 IP Multicast......Page 55
2.7.1 Mechanisms......Page 56
2.7.2 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)......Page 57
2.7.4 Challenges for Multicast Access Networks......Page 58
2.7.5 Peer-to-Peer Multicast......Page 59
2.7.6 Robust Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming......Page 61
2.8.2 Codec Losses......Page 62
2.8.4 Free Video Previews and Video Pausing......Page 63
2.9.1 Display Technologies......Page 64
2.9.3 Emerging Wireless Home Network Standards......Page 65
2.10 The Metro Network and Broadband Convergence......Page 66
2.10.3 Carrier-Class Ethernet OAM Tools......Page 67
2.10.4 Next-Generation Network (NGN) Migration......Page 68
2.11 Conclusions......Page 69
Selected Bibliography......Page 70
Exercises......Page 71
3.1 Display Resolution and Visual Quality......Page 73
3.2 Video Compression......Page 74
3.3 Video Containers......Page 76
3.3.1 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)......Page 77
3.4 H.264, VC-1, and VP8 Standards......Page 78
3.5 H.264 Architecture......Page 79
3.5.1 Video Coding and Network Abstraction Layers......Page 81
3.5.2 VCL and NAL Packetization......Page 82
3.5.3 An RFC 3984 H.264 Transport Framework......Page 83
3.6.1 Spatial, Temporal, and Bit Rate Scalability......Page 85
3.6.2 Error Resilience......Page 86
3.6.3 Error Concealment (EC)......Page 88
3.7.1 Entropy Coding......Page 90
3.7.3 In-Loop Deblocking......Page 91
3.7.4 Motion Compensation, Estimation, and Prediction......Page 92
3.7.5 Multiple Reference Frames......Page 94
3.8 Efficient Video Network Transport......Page 95
3.8.2 Selective Information Dropping......Page 96
3.8.3 Impact on Perceived Video Quality......Page 98
3.9 H.264 Coding Parameters......Page 99
3.10 Quantization......Page 100
3.11 Video Delivery Platforms......Page 102
3.13 Video Quality Assessment......Page 103
3.13.1 Subjective versus Objective Metrics......Page 104
3.13.2 Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)......Page 105
3.13.4 Czenakowski Distance (CZD)......Page 107
3.13.5 Observable versus Perceptual Visual Artifacts......Page 108
3.14 CBR versus VBR Coding......Page 109
3.15 Scalable Video Coding......Page 113
References......Page 114
Exercises......Page 115
4.1 Profiles and Levels......Page 121
4.2 CABAC versus CAVLC......Page 125
4.2.1 CABAC and CAVLC under VBR Mode......Page 126
4.2.2 CABAC and CAVLC under CBR Mode......Page 127
4.3 Rate Distortion Optimization (RDO)......Page 128
4.3.2 RDO under CBR......Page 129
4.4 Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO)......Page 131
4.4.1 Overheads......Page 132
4.5 Conclusions......Page 135
References......Page 136
Exercises......Page 137
5.1 Introduction......Page 139
5.2 Statistical Characteristics of H.264 Coded Videos......Page 141
5.3 Problem Formulation......Page 143
5.4 Traffic Model for B Frame Size Prediction......Page 146
5.5 Results and Discussion......Page 148
5.6 Model Enhancements......Page 150
5.7 Results and Discussion......Page 152
5.8 Traffic Model for GOP Size Prediction......Page 153
5.9 Model Enhancement with Predicted Scene Change Detector......Page 155
5.10 SAD Method for Scene Change Detection and Adaptation......Page 157
References......Page 159
Exercises......Page 160
6.1 Introduction......Page 161
6.2 Long-Range Dependency and Hurst Parameter......Page 162
6.3 Model Formulation......Page 166
6.4.1 Impact of Different QP Values......Page 169
6.4.2 Impact of Using the Same QP Value......Page 171
6.4.4 Impact of Multiplexing H.264 Videos......Page 172
6.5 Conclusions......Page 173
A.1 Data Traffic......Page 174
A.4 Video Traffic......Page 175
Exercises......Page 176
7.1 Introduction......Page 179
7.2 FMO Removal......Page 180
7.3 Visual Quality Performance Evaluation......Page 184
7.4 Using Multiple Slices......Page 185
7.5 Overheads......Page 186
7.6 Conclusions......Page 190
References......Page 191
8.1 Introduction......Page 193
8.2 Error Concealment for HD Videos......Page 194
8.2.1 Results......Page 196
8.4 Temporal Error Concealment......Page 199
8.4.1 Algorithm......Page 200
8.4.2 Performance Evaluation......Page 201
8.5 Conclusions......Page 202
Exercises......Page 203
9.1 Introduction......Page 205
9.2 Basics of Video Smoothing......Page 206
9.3 A Video Smoothing Algorithm......Page 209
9.4 Live HD Video Streaming......Page 211
9.4.1 Raw Streaming......Page 213
9.4.3 Frame Smoothed Streaming......Page 214
9.5 Impact of Player’s Buffer Size......Page 215
9.6 Impact of Transport Protocols......Page 216
9.7 Peak to Average Rate (PAR)......Page 220
9.8 Multiplexing of Composite VBR Videos......Page 224
9.9 Conclusions......Page 230
Exercises......Page 231
10.1 Introduction......Page 235
10.2 Policy-Based Approach to Bandwidth Management......Page 236
10.2.2 Surplus Bandwidth......Page 237
10.3 Intelligent Resource Management (IRM)......Page 238
10.4.2 Dynamic Bandwidth Limitation......Page 240
10.4.3 Implementation and Measured Results......Page 242
References......Page 245
Appendix: Optimized MAP Throughput......Page 246
Exercises......Page 248
11.1 Introduction......Page 249
11.2 Measured Performance of a DOCSIS Cable Network......Page 250
11.2.2 Measured Results......Page 251
11.3 A QoS Model for the CMTS Scheduler......Page 254
11.4 Peer-to-Peer File Sharing......Page 255
11.5 Real-Time Peer-to-Peer Streaming......Page 256
11.7 Program Scheduling Challenges......Page 260
11.8 Simulation Model and Results......Page 262
References......Page 265
Exercises......Page 266
12.1 Introduction......Page 267
12.2.1 Suspicious Activity Detection......Page 268
12.2.2 Human Fall Detection......Page 270
12.3.1 Suspicious Activity Detection......Page 272
12.3.2 Human Fall Detection......Page 274
12.3.3 Shadow Removal Enhancement......Page 275
References......Page 277
13.1 Introduction......Page 279
13.1.1 Related Work......Page 280
13.2.1 Motion Pattern Matching......Page 282
13.2.2 Skin Color Matching and Fourier’s Descriptors......Page 284
13.3 Using H.264 Motion Vectors for Motion Tracking......Page 286
13.3.1 Histogram Matching for Trajectory Recognition......Page 288
13.4 Hand Tracking for Mouse Cursor Control......Page 290
13.4.2 Using the Global Motion Vector to Track Trajectory......Page 293
13.4.3 Scrolling When User is Located at Varying Distances......Page 294
13.4.5 Comparison of Trajectory Tracking Methods......Page 296
13.5 Hand Reference Extraction Using a Stereo 3D Webcam......Page 297
13.6 Conclusions......Page 298
References......Page 299
Glossary......Page 301
About the Author......Page 307
Index......Page 309
