ICOLD Bulletin 180 presents the vast experience gained over the past 6 decades by the dam engineering community in the field of dam surveillance by means of 80 case histories. The documented case histories endeavour to cover the practical experiences related with one or several of the following points:
a) Methods for the improvement of the quality and reliability of information.
b) Data processing and representation techniques.
c) Effective Diagnostic analyses to determine behaviour patterns.
d) Dedicated surveillance systems for the optimization of maintenance, rehabilitation, and other life cycle costs.
e) Impact of surveillance on preventing dam incidents and dam failure.
f) Overview of dam surveillance management systems.
The case histories cover a wide variety of technical aspects and deal with success stories but also incidents, some of them with catastrophic consequences. The time framework spans over 70 years: from the times of the Second World War up to the present. The purpose is to learn from these practical experiences, not to criticize the involved individuals, who had to work with the techniques and rules of practice available at the time. This bulletin wants to contribute to keep learning from the experience of the dam engineering community, specifically in the field of dam surveillance. Some of the case histories are widely known and have been described and analysed in numerous publications. Most of them are related to famous dam failure incidents and were compiled as international “benchmark case histories” for this bulletin to focus on the specific lessons learnt related with dam surveillance.
Le Bulletin de la CIGB 180 présente la vaste expérience acquise au cours des 6 dernières décennies par la communauté des ingénieurs de barrages dans le domaine de la surveillance des barrages au moyen de 80 histoires de cas. Les histoires de cas documentées s'efforcent de couvrir les expériences pratiques liées à un ou plusieurs des points suivants :
a) Méthodes d'amélioration de la qualité et de la fiabilité de l'information.
b) Techniques de traitement et de représentation des données.
c) Analyses diagnostiques efficaces pour déterminer les modèles de comportement.
d) Systèmes de surveillance dédiés pour l'optimisation de la maintenance, de la réhabilitation et des autres coûts du cycle de vie.
e) Impact de la surveillance sur la prévention des incidents et des ruptures de barrage.
f) Aperçu des systèmes de gestion de la surveillance des barrages.
Les histoires de cas couvrent une grande variété d'aspects techniques et traitent de réussites mais aussi d'incidents, dont certains avec des conséquences catastrophiques. Le cadre temporel s'étend sur 70 ans : de l'époque de la Seconde Guerre mondiale à nos jours. Le but est d'apprendre de ces expériences pratiques, pas de critiquer les individus impliqués, qui ont dû travailler avec les techniques et les règles de pratique disponibles à l'époque. Ce bulletin veut contribuer à continuer d'apprendre de l'expérience de la communauté de l'ingénierie des barrages, en particulier dans le domaine de la surveillance des barrages. Certaines des histoires de cas sont largement connues et ont été décrites et analysées dans de nombreuses publications. La plupart d'entre eux sont liés à des incidents de rupture de barrages célèbres et ont été compilés en tant qu'« histoires de cas de référence » internationales pour ce bulletin afin de se concentrer sur les leçons spécifiques apprises liées à la surveillance des barrages.
Author(s): ICOLD CIGB
Series: ICOLD Bulletins Series
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English/French
Pages: 302
City: Paris
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
TABLEAUX & FIGURES
À LA MÉMOIRE DE DR CHRIS OOSTHUISEN
PRÉFACE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Mandat
1.2. Définitions
1.3. Paramètres principaux d’auscultation
Paramètres de charge
Paramètres de réponse
Paramètres d’intégrité
1.4. Interprétation des données d’auscultation
1.5. Bulletins précédents traitant de la surveillance des barrages
Bulletin 60 (CIGB : 1988) Auscultation des barrages, considérations générales
Bulletin 68 (CIGB : 1989) Auscultation des barrages et de leurs fondations, la technique actuelle
Bulletin 87 (CIGB : 1992) Amélioration de l’auscultation des barrages existants
Bulletin 118 (CIGB : 2000) Systèmes d’auscultation automatique des barrages, recommandations et exemples
Bulletin 138 (CIGB : 2009) La surveillance : Élément de base d'un processus "sécurité des barrages"
Bulletin 158 (CIGB, 2013 pour la version en anglais, 2016 pour la version en français) Guide pour la surveillance des barrages
2. CLASSIFICATION DES ÉTUDES DE CAS ET LEÇONS TIRÉES
2.1. Études de cas par pays
2.2. Type de structures
2.3. Age des barrages
2.4. Hauteur des barrages
2.5. Études de cas par catégories
2.6. Répartition des études de cas par initiateurs de défaillance ou modes potentiels de rupture
2.7. Leçons tirées
3. BOITE A OUTILS POUR LE BENCHMARK DES ETUDES DE CAS
3.1. Objet du benchmark des études de cas
3.2. Buts des études de cas
3.3. Exemple de boîte à outil des études de cas
Barrage de Teton (et barrage de Fontenelle), USA
Barrage de Malpasset, France (et barrage St Francis, USA)
Barrage de Vajont, Italie
Barrages de Zeuzier et de Nalps, Suisse
Barrage de Zoeknog, Afrique du Sud
Barrage de Cahora Bassa, Mozambique
Barrage de Kouga, Afrique du Sud
Barrage Albasini, Afrique du Sud
Barrages Driekoppies et Inyaka, Afrique du Sud
Barrage Gariep, Afrique du Sud
Barrage Sayano-Shushenskaya, Russie
Barrage Shih-Kang, Taiwan
Barrage Ohrigstad, Afrique du Sud
4. REMARQUES FINALES
4.1. Généralités
4.2. Études de cas
4.3. Les suites à donner
4.4. Un trait d’humour pour terminer
5. RÉFÉRENCES
6. ADDENDA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLES & FIGURES
IN MEMORY OF DR. CHRIS OOSTHUIZEN
PREFACE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Mandate
1.2. Definitions
1.3. Basic parameters to be monitored
Load parameters
Response parameters
Integrity parameters
1.4. Interpretation of monitoring data
1.5. Previous surveillance bulletins
Bulletin 60 (ICOLD: 1988) Dam monitoring, General considerations
Bulletin 68 (ICOLD: 1989) Monitoring of dams and their foundations, State of the Art
Bulletin 87 (ICOLD: 1992) Improvement of existing dam monitoring
Bulletin 118 (ICOLD: 2000) Automated Dam Monitoring Systems, Guidelines and case histories
Bulletin 138 (ICOLD: 2009) General Approach to Dam Surveillance
Bulletin 158 (ICOLD: 2013 English and 2016 French) Dam surveillance guide
2. CLASSIFICATION OF CASE HISTORIES AND LESSONS LEARNT
2.1. Case histories by countries
2.2. Type of structures
2.3. Age of dams
2.4. Dam height
2.5. Case histories per categories
2.6. Case histories per hazards or failure modes
2.7. Lessons learnt
3. TOOLBOX OF BENCHMARK CASE HISTORIES
3.1. Purpose of benchmark case histories
3.2. Aims of benchmark case histories
3.3. Typical toolbox of case histories
Teton Dam (and Fontenelle Dam), USA
Malpasset Dam, France (and St Francis Dam, USA)
Vajont Dam, Italy
Zeuzier Dam and Nalps Dam, Switzerland
Zoeknog Dam, South Africa
Cahora Bassa Dam, Mozambique
Kouga Dam, South Africa
Albasini Dam, South Africa
Driekoppies Dam and Inyaka Dam, South Africa
Gariep Dam, South Africa
Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam, Russia
Shih-Kang Dam, Taiwan
Ohrigstad Dam, South Africa
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS
4.1. General remark
4.2. Case Histories
4.3. The way forward
4.4. Tongue in the cheek final remark
5. REFERENCES
6. ADDENDA
6.1. List of case histories with main objective, main benefit and observations
6.2. List of case histories with hazard or potential failure mode, key words and authors
6.3. Matrix case histories - hazard or potential failure mode
6.4. Benchmark case histories
MALPASSET ARCH DAM FAILURE AT FIRST IMPOUNDMENT
Technical details
Surveillance details
Description of the incident
Lessons learnt
THE VAJONT DISASTER
Description of the dam
Surveillance details
Analysis of field data during reservoir impoundment
Failure
Investigations of the failure
Lessons learnt
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR OF ZEUZIER ARCH DAM
Technical details
Surveillance details
Description of the incident
Foundation movement and dam deformations
Investigation of causes - rock deformations
Refurbishment works
Refilling operation
Lessons learnt
The organization of dam surveillance
Monitoring system and analysis of the results
Analysis of the results
Incidence of underground works
TETON DAM FAILURE
Technical details
Environment and funding
Geology
Foundation preparation
Design considerations
Teton dam performance
Lessons learnt
INTENTIONAL DAM BOMBING ACTIONS DURING WORLD WAR II: MÖHNE, EDER AND DNIEPROSTROI DAMS
Möhne and eder dams
Dnieprostroi dam
Lessons learnt
FOLSOM DAM SPILLWAY GATE FAILURE
Folsom dam
Spillway gate failure
Other events subsequent to gate failure
Investigation of the spillway gate failure
Lessons learnt
CAHORA BASSA DAM MONITORING
Technical details
Surveillance details
Description of the incident
Lessons learnt
ZOEKNOG DAM FAILURE
Technical details
Surveillance details
Description of the incident
Lessons learnt
…. In hindsight several design lessons could be learned…:
TOUS DAM FAILURE DUE TO OVERTOPPING
Technical details
Description of the incident
Lessons learnt
6.5. one page summaries of case histories
ONE PAGE SUMMARIES OF CASE HISTORIES
DURLASSBODEN DAM
Lessons learnt
GMUEND DAM
Lessons learnt
ZILLERGRÜNDL DAM
Lessons learnt
COMOÉ DAM - EROSION IN THE FOUNDATION
Lessons learnt
CAMEROUN SONG LOULOU DAM – AAR
Lessons learnt
DETECTION OF WATERLINE LEAKS IN A CONCRETE FACED ROCKFILL DAM
Lessons learnt
INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION USING TRENDS ANALYSIS
Lessons learnt
UNDERWATER INSPECTION OF WAC BENNETT DAM
Lessons learnt
HETEROGENEITY OF AN EMBANKMENT DAM CORE
Lessons learnt
SEEPAGE DETECTION IN AN EMBANKMENT DAM FOUNDATION USING MODERN FIELD AND NUMERICAL TOOLS
Lessons learnt
ASSESSMENT OF THE PORCE II DAM
Lessons learnt
PORCE DAM (COLOMBIA): METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEFINITION OF MONITORING THRESHOLDS
Lessons learnt
SANTA RITA DAM (COLOMBIA): DETECTING ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR OF PORE PRESSURES IN EARTHFILL DAMS AND ASSESMENT STUDY
Lessons learnt
TONA DAM (COLOMBIA): FIELD ROCKFILL DEFORMATION MODULUS
Lessons learnt
EROSION PRESENTED DOWNSTREAM IN A STRUCTURAL FILL IN THE RIGHT ABUTMENT OF THE URRÁ I HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT (COLOMBIA)
Lessons learnt
MŠENO DAM – AGEING OF MASONRY DAM FOUNDATION ZONE
Lessons learnt
EL KARM DAM – SPILLWAY AND DAM BODY CRACKS
Lessons learnt
ETANG DAM - UPSTREAM MEMBRANE CRACKING AFTER 20 YEARS OF OPERATION
Lessons learnt
GRAND’MAISON DAM - SLOPE UNSTABILITY ABOVE THE RESERVOIR
Lessons learnt
LA PALIERE DIKE - MANAGEMENT OF PHENOMENA DEVELOPING SLOWLY OVER A PERIOD OF 30 YEARS
Lessons learnt
MIRGENBACH DAM - SLIDE OF EMBANKMENTS DURING CONSTRUCTION
Lessons learnt
SYLVENSTEIN DAM - RETROFITTING
Lessons learnt
ALBORZ DAM – OPTIONAL INSTRUMENTATION
Lessons learnt
GOTVAND DAM - MONITORING
Lessons learnt
KARUN 4 ARCH DAM - SURVEILLANCE OF CONTRACTION JOINTS
Lessons learnt
MASJED SOLEIMAN DAM – BEHAVIOR AND CONDITION OF THE DAM
Lessons learnt
SEYMAREH DAM – INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING
Lessons learnt
AMBIESTA DAM – CRACKS DETECTION USING SONIC TOMOGRAPHY
Lessons learnt
ISOLA SERAFINI TRANSVERSE - BATHIMETRY TO PREVENT EROSION
Lessons learnt
MISTRAL SOFTWARE FOR ON-LINE MONITORING SYSTEM
Lessons learnt
SAN GIACOMO DAM – MONITORING OF UPLIFT PRESSURE
Lessons learnt
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR AN ASPHALT FACED ROCKFILL DAM (AFRD)
Lessons learnt
AUTOMATIC DIAPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT FOR AN ARCH DAM
Lessons learnt
DAMAGE TO THE YASHIO DAM CAUSED BY THE EARTHQUAKE AND REINFORCEMENT WORK
Lessons learnt
OUED EL MAKHAZINE DAM – CUTOFF WALL WRONG DESIGN
Lessons learnt
OUED EL MAKHAZINE DAM – CULVERT JOINT BREAK
Lessons learnt
TUIZGUI RAMZ MASONRY DAM – COLLAPSE
Lessons learnt
MURAVATN DAM – PORE PRESSURE CONTROL IN THE FOUNDATION
Lessons learnt
STORVATN DAM – CONTROL OF ASPHALT CONCRETE CORE
Lessons learnt
SVARTEVANN DAM - SETTLEMENTS - DAM PERFORMANCE
Lessons learnt
NORWEGIAN TRIAL DAM – VERIFICATION OF NEW CORE DESIGN CONCEPT
Lessons learnt
VIDDALSVATN DAM - LEAKAGE - PIPING - SINKHOLES
Lessons learnt
ZELAZNY MOST TAILING DAM – DILIGENT MONITORING DATA ANALYSIS
Lessons learnt
SAFETY CONTROL OF CONCRETE DAMS AIDED BY AUTOMATED MONITORING SYSTEMS. THE PORTUGUESE EXPERIENCE
Lessons learnt
GURA RÂULUI DAM – LONG TERM BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS USING STATISTICALAND DETERMINISTIC MODELS
Lessons learnt
PALTINU ARCH DAM. INCIDENT DURING FIRST IMPOUNDMENT
Lessons learnt
PECINEAGU DAM
Lessons learnt
POIANA UZULUI BUTTRESS DAM
Lessons learnt
BELFORT DAM REHABILITATION: WALKING THE TIGHTROPE
Lessons learnt
DRIEKOPPIES DAM MONITORING
Lessons learnt
INYAKA DAM MONITORING
Lessons learnt
KATSE DAM MONITORING
Lessons learnt
KOUGA DAM MONITORING: SOLVING THE RIDDLES
Lessons learnt
OHRIGSTAD DAM GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS WITH A TWIST
Lessons learnt
LA ACEÑA DAM - DGPS REAL TIME MONITORING
Lessons learnt
CASPE II DAM. DETECTING ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR OF PORE PRESSURES IN EARTHFILL
Lessons learnt
CORTES II DAM - MONITORING AND STABILIZATION OF RESERVOIR SLOPES
Lessons learnt
ECONOMIC BENEFITS DUE TO AUTOMATION OF MONITORING SYSTEMS LA MINILLA AND GERGAL DAMS
Lessons learnt
DETECTING ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR OF SEEPAGE IN EARTHFILL DAMS: LA LOTETA DAM (SPAIN)
Lessons learnt
SIURANA DAM – OPTIMAL METHOD FOR REMEDIAL WORKS ON DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Lessons learnt
DAM MONITORING TO ASSESS VAL DAM BEHAVIOUR DURING THE FIRST YEARS OF OPERATION
Lessons learnt
IMPLEMENTATION OF A DAM MONITORING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Lessons learnt
STORFINNFORSEN POWER STATION - EMBANKMENT DAM IMPROVEMENT INITIATED BY JUST A SMALL CHANGE IN MEASUREMENTS DATA
Lessons learnt
IDENTIFICATION OF NEED OF MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE – A CASE STUDY ON 20 SWEDISH DAMS
Lessons learnt
ZIATINE DAM - LEAKAGE THROUGH DAM LEFT BANK
Lessons learnt
LOW COST, HIGH BENEFIT SHORT-TERM RISK REDUCTION MEASURES IMPLEMENTED BY EFFECTIVE MONITORING AT DORRIS DAM
Lessons learnt
PIEZOMETER AT OCHOCO DAM PROVIDES WARNING OF UNSATISFACTORY DAM PERFORMANCE
Lessons learnt
STEINAKER DAM RIGHT ABUTMENT SLIDE INCIDENT: RESPONSE, EVALUATION, AND SURVEILLANCE
Lessons learnt
WANAPUM DAM SPILLWAY INCIDENT: RESPONSE, ROOT CAUSE, REMEDIATION, AND SURVEILLANCE
Lessons learnt
WOLF CREEK DAM: USING INSTRUMENTATION DATA TO ASSESS BARRIER WALL EFFECTIVENESS
Lessons learnt
Lessons learnt
7. KEYWORD INDEX
